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Neuroglia Molecular Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders
Neuropsychiatric disorders have long been considered as specific dysfunctions of neuronal functions. Studies of the recent decade, however, have challenged this simplistic view, highlighting the important role played by neuroglial cells in the onset and/or progression of neuropsychiatric diseases. In the central nervous system (CNS) non-excitable neuroglia are represented by cells of ectodermal origin (astrocytes, mainly responsible for CNS homeostasis and oligodendrocytes that provide myelination and support for axons) and mesodermal origin (microglial cells that are scions of foetal macrophages entering the neural tube early in development; these cells provide for CNS defence and contribut...
Sodium Calcium Exchange: A Growing Spectrum of Pathophysiological Implications
This book reports the text of the lectures of the 6th International Conference on Sodium Calcium Exchange held in Lacco Ameno in the Island of Ischia in the Gulf of Naples, Italy, from October 1 to October 5, 2011. The present book uncovers the most striking new findings on NCX that emerged since the previous Conference on Sodium Calcium Exchange, such as the structural dissection of the molecular determinants of Ca2+ sensitivity of the exchanger, the epigenetic regulation of ncx1 gene, the molecular identification of the mitochondrial Sodium Calcium Exchanger, and the discovery of NCX in unexpected anatomical locations such as the female reproductive tract. The book is organized into 11 parts covering NCX structural aspects, genetic and epigenetic regulation, regulatory mechanisms, subcellular localization in mitochondria, involvement in neurodegenerative diseases and in immune regulation, and the role of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, as well as diabetes in physiology and pathophysiology. Selected chapters of the book are also devoted to the interaction of NCKX and other ion channels and transporters with NCX, like ASICs, TRPM, and NHE.
The Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMF) Book: An introduction to current research & developments
PEMF is one of the most exciting technologies in the history of wellness and longevity science. In this book, veteran PEMF technologist, Siddharth Agrawal provides a compelling narrative on how PEMF can be applied and reviews the PEMF research for a variety of conditions as well as sleep, sports performance and veterinarian applications. In this second edition of The PEMF book, Sid has added new chapters and updated some of the existing ones. This book also includes chapters on his favorite new emerging complementary technologies - molecular hydrogen and photobiomodulation.
Pathological Potential of Neuroglia
Pathophysiological states, neurological and psychiatric diseases are almost universally considered from the neurocentric point of view, with neurons being the principal cellular element of pathological process. The brain homeostasis, which lies at the fulcrum of healthy brain function, the compromise of which invariably results in dysfunction/disease, however, is entirely controlled by neuroglia. It is becoming clear that neuroglial cells are involved in various aspects of initiation, progression and resolution of neuropathology. In this book we aim to integrate the body of information that has accumulated in recent years revealing the active role of glia in such pathophysiological processes. Understanding roles of glial cells in pathology will provide new targets for medical intervention and aide the development of much needed therapeutics. This book will be particularly useful for researchers, students, physicians and psychotherapists working in the field of neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry.
Central Nervous System Metastasis, the Biological Basis and Clinical Considerations
Here is a thorough survey of the biology and treatment of CNS metastasis, including natural history, risk factors, molecular biology, the blood-brain barrier, imaging, quality of life, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and the future of targeted therapies.
Kinins
This handbook of kinin biology and biochemistry covers the current knowledge of kinins, a family of peptides involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Recent publications have shown that the kinin system is highly relevant in a variety of disease states such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis and traumatic injuries. Furthermore, the first drug targeting system has just been approved for clinical use. The goal of this book is to provide advanced students and researchers a basic understanding of the kinin system and its role within the various organ systems. The authors of this book are experts in their fields, including a Nobel Laureate.
Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration
State of the art reviews by experts in the fields of neuroscience, immunology, microbiology/infectious diseases and pharmacology addressing the convergence of the immune system (neuroinflammation) and the loss of neurons (neurodegeneration). Many of the diseases that are discussed in the book are of epidemic proportion, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, viral encephalitides and substance abuse. In addition to discussions of the involvement of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in these disorders, scientific reviews are presented on the cells and mediators that participate in defense of and damage to the nervous system. With rare exception, no or inadequate treatment exists for the diseases discussed in this book. An underlying premise of the book is that understanding of their shared pathogenic mechanisms will lead to improved therapies. Given the rapid evolution of the field of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, readers will find this book to be the most timely and authoritative reference on the subject of each of its chapters.
Molecular Hydrogen for Medicine
This book provides a comprehensive account of the current status of molecular hydrogen medicine, a young field that emerged with the discovery that inhalation of hydrogen gas leads to the elimination of harmful reactive oxygen species in rats. Various physiologic effects have since been demonstrated, and possible medical applications identified. Numerous clinical projects have now been undertaken, yielding startling results. Despite this, molecular hydrogen medicine remains underappreciated among the medical community at large. The author aims to rectify this situation by fairly but critically evaluating the potential clinical benefits based on the latest scientific research. In addition, the observed physiological effects of hydrogen gas are considered within the broad context of the evolution of life on earth, offering new perspectives and helping to place molecular hydrogen medicine legitimately within the framework of life sciences. Written in an accessible manner, the book will be of value to students, researchers, clinicians, and the general public.
Trends in Regulatory Peptides
Regulatory peptides represent the most diverse and versatile family of messenger molecules. They are produced by all living organisms from bacteria to mammals. They are involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Biologically active peptides and their receptors thus constitute an unlimited source of inspiration for the development of innovative drugs and cosmetics. The present eBook is a unique collection of research articles and reviews that provide a representative examplification of the latest progress in regulatory peptide research.
The Brain and Host Defense
It is now well recognized that the brain, and especially the hypothalamus, plays an important role in the regulation of immune reactions and inflammation. This book aims to review our current state of knowledge of this important field. Key historical findings are presented, and the reciprocal interactions between the brain and the immune system are examined. Particular emphasis is placed on inflammation, a critical host defense reaction that serves as an effector response for both the adaptive and innate immune systems. Mechanisms implicated in brain defense, as well as in more general host defense, are discussed. The regulatory influences of the brain on inflammatory responses are included ...
