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Determinants and Implications of the Growing Scale of Livestock Farms in Four Fast-growing Developing Countries
The rapid growth in consumer demand for livestock offers an opportunity to reduce poverty among smallholder livestock farmers in the developing world. These farmers' opportunity may be threatened, however, by competition from larger-scale farms. This report assesses the potential threat, examining various forms of livestock production in Brazil, India, the Philippines, and Thailand. Findings show that the competitiveness of smallholder farms depends on the opportunity cost of family labor and farmers' ability to overcome barriers to the acquisition of production- and market-related information and assets. Pro-poor livestock development depends, therefore, on the strengthening of institutions that will help smallholders overcome the disproportionately high transaction costs in securing quality inputs and obtaining market recognition for quality outputs. These and other findings make this report a useful guide for researchers and others concerned with the opportunities and risks of smallholder livestock farming.
The Future of Philippine Agriculture under a Changing Climate
The Philippine economy has grown rapidly since 2010, but despite this growth, poverty and inequality remain high. Two-thirds of the poor live in rural areas, and the weak performance of the agriculture sector has contributed to the slow improvement in livelihoods. The challenge for agriculture will further increase, with climate change posing a growing threat to the sector. But agricultural transformation to spur sustained growth and reduce poverty is still possible under climate change with aggressive institutional reforms and implementation of the right mix of policies and programmes. The identification of the suitable policy and programme combination requires an accurate assessment of the...
Re-imagining Milk
Milk is a fascinating food: it is produced by mothers of each mammalian species for consumption by nursing infants of that species, yet many humans drink the milk of another species (mostly cows) and they drink it throughout life. Thus we might expect that this dietary practice has some effects on human biology that are different from other foods. In Re-imagining Milk Wiley considers these, but also puts milk-drinking into a broader historical and cross-cultural context. In particular, she asks how dietary policies promoting milk came into being in the U.S., how they intersect with biological variation in milk digestion, how milk consumption is related to child growth, and how milk is currently undergoing globalizing processes that contribute to its status as a normative food for children (using India and China as examples). Wiley challenges the reader to re-evaluate their assumptions about cows' milk as a food for humans. Informed by both biological and social theory and data, Re-imagining Milk provides a biocultural analysis of this complex food and illustrates how a focus on a single commodity can illuminate aspects of human biology and culture.
Responsible Production and Consumption
Zero Hunger (SDG-2) and Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG-12) of the United Nations are very crucial aspects for any economy in the world. In terms of Agricultural Sustainability and Food Security, the world should see to it that agriculture is sustainable enough to ensure food security for all its people. While nobody should be deprived of food for whatever reasons and at the same time nobody should use the agricultural resources (both inputs and outputs) in a manner harmful to the society at large. The use of any resources in terms of production and consumption, and vice versa, should take into account the carbon-footprint and greenhouse gas emissions. While the producers have a major role in the optimum use of the resources, the consumers, for whatever items, should take into account the responsible consumption practices. Since production and consumption are like two sides of a coin, complementary to each other, any change in one of the aspects will have its repercussions on the other one. So, it is a collective responsibility of everyone to ensure that things are practiced the way they are supposed to.
China, India, and East and Southeast Asia: Assessing Sustainability
China, India, and East and Southeast Asia: Assessing Sustainability provides unprecedented analyses by regional experts and scholars elsewhere in the world on China, India, and their neighbors. Despite growing demands internally on their natural resources (China and India alone are home to more than one-third of the world's population), the expanding global economic influence of this region makes these countries vital players in a sustainable future for all citizens of the Earth. Regional coverage includes topics such as business and commerce, environmental and corporate law, and lifestyles and values.
