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Algal Biorefineries
Algae offer potential to produce renewable chemicals and fuels using solar energy and carbon dioxide from atmosphere or in flue gases while simultaneously reducing the generation of greenhouse gases. Since these can be grown on marginal lands with micronutrients and macronutrients often present in waste streams, algae-based chemicals and fuels do not compete with foods. Still large-scale production of algae-based fuels and chemicals faces considerable technological and economical challenges and it would by necessity require a biorefinery approach wherein all the possible algal components are converted into value-added compounds. The present series on algal biorefineries represents a forum for reporting the state of the art of different technologies as well as the latest advances in this field. The volume II of this series complements the volume I in terms of the current state of the art. Different chapters in this volume address diverse issues ranging from genetically modifies algae to new products to life-cycle analysis of algal products.
Development of a Zero-headspace Aerobic Suspended Growth Bioreactor
The Department of Defense has over 12,000 sites that are contaminated from past military activities. Many site contain volatile organic contaminants that may be treated using aboveground or in situ aerobic biotreatment systems. Three oxygen sources for activated sludge were evaluated using 3-L chemostats treating amended groundwater containing over 200 mg/l benzene. The oxygen sources were compared based on percent contaminant removal, reduction of benzene off-gassing, and biomass stability. The fate of hydrogen peroxide in an activated sludge system was evaluated and described using an equation that determines steady-state hydrogen peroxide concentration. The equation is essentially a simpl...
Strategies for Accelerating Cleanup at Toxic Waste Sites
Accelerating Cleanup at Toxic Waste Sites: Fast-tracking Environmental Actions and Decision Making presents truly innovative advances in investigative and cleanup technologies, offering valuable solutions that streamline the data collection process, speed up the time it takes to characterize a site, and expedite decision making. Using easy to understand graphic displays, tables, text summaries, and real world case studies, and by synthesizing technical and regulatory reference information crucial to the development of effective cleanup strategies, this book provides the framework for environmental professionals to develop project and program approaches that meet today's needs. An advanced te...
