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The History of Currency, 1252 to 1896 is a book by William Arthur Shaw. It provides an account of the monetary values of Europe and America, coupled with an analysis of the effects of currency and exchange; on commercial and national progress and well-being.
"[The book contains] one medal engraving from a daguerreotype, by Joseph Saxton, of the front of the Mint, using a medal ruling machine, to copy a relief executed by Christian Gobrecht from the daguerreotype...This book is considered the first publication from a daguerreotype in the United States. A remarkable example of this little used process and of major importance in the history of photography and photomechanical printing in the United States. Joseph Saxton not only produced the oldest extant daguerreotype now in the United States, but also invented the modification to the ruling machine used for this publication."--Hanson Collection catalog, p. 8.
Swedish medieval marriage formation was a process, written down in the secular laws. However, it started to evolve because of the interaction with the medieval Catholic marriage doctrine, which focused on mutual words of consent. Although first the canon law of marriage, and then Lutheran marriage dogma influenced the Swedish development, the perception of marriage as a process, consisting of several legal acts and accompanied by property transfers, proved remarkably resilient. The pragmatic and rural character of Sweden contributed to this, despite pressure from canon and Roman law and attempts at bringing marriage formation under ecclesiastical control. Marrying by stages was in itself unremarkable in Europe, but the legal foundation and formality make medieval and sixteenth-century Sweden a unique case study.
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