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Handbook of World Exchange Rates, 1590-1914
As a world economy emerged from the 16th-17th centuries onwards, a global cashless payment system arose. This had its base in Europe, first in Italy, then in the rising regions of the north-west, with Amsterdam and then London as the central financial market. The mutual quotation of exchange rates, which provide the data tabulated and analysed here, mark the integration into a global network of all areas with significant economic potential.The primary aim of this book is to provide a compact account of the exchange rates in all these financial markets, from the late 16th century up to the First World War. This makes possible an instant conversion between the major world currencies at nearly any date within that period, while the important introduction provides the explanation and context of developments. The present handbook therefore serves as an invaluable resource for those concerned with all aspects of commercial and financial history.
Oeconomia Alpium II: Economic History of the Alps in Preindustrial Times
This is the second volume of conference proceedings for the handbook of the economic history of the Alpine region in the preindustrial era, which finally provides an extensive cross-regional synopsis of the history of the Alpine economy. Like Braudel's classic on the Mediterranean region, renowned scholars examine the region and its people, the everyday lives of Alpine inhabitants, and commerce, migration, and communication in three volumes.
The Hamburg Marine Insurance, 1736–1859
Based on the analysis of Hamburg’s marine insurance premiums for more than 120 years, this book shows that the premiums’ long-term decline has been a consequence of both the restoration of security on the high seas after 1815 and the elimination of piracy around 1830.
Mining, Money and Markets in the Early Modern Atlantic
This volume documents recent efforts to track the transformation and trajectory of silver during the early modern period, from its origins in ores located on either side of the Atlantic to its use as currency in the financial centres of continental Europe. As a point of comparison, copper mining and its monetary use in the early modern Atlantic World will also be considered. Contributors rely mainly on economic and economic history methodologies, complemented by geographical and cultural history approaches. The use of novel software applications as tools to explain economic-historical episodes is also detailed.
From Commercial Communication to Commercial Integration
Through the ages and in all parts of the world, communication between merchants has been the basic requirement for the integration of economic areas. The transfer of commercial know-how in different aspects such as trading customs, forms of payment and accounting, information on goods and their prices as well as knowledge of supply and demands, kinds and qualities did not only intensify the relationships of merchants or companies, but also of the different markets. The trading centres of the different regions across the continents - having always been the centre of economic knowledge - supported this process even further. From those centres new developments, techniques and learning processes...
Cashless Payments and Transactions from the Antiquity to 1914
This volume examines the various forms and techniques of cashless payments and transactions known to the world since Ancient times. The different contributions to this volume focus primarily on the non-European areas, as well as those European examples that did not correspond to the mainstream technique provided by the Italian, or classical, bill of exchange developed since the Middle Ages. Room will be given to the following issues instead: What means of cashless payment existed in the cultures and societies beyond Europe? Which other, non-mainstream techniques of cashless transactions existed within Europe? Why did the "Italian" or "European" bill of exchange prove to be superior and more successful than any of the other known techniques? Case studies drawn from a wide range of areas demonstrate that most economies facing an acute or permanent shortage of coin found ways of utilizing or creating surrogate money. Across the world and through all times people knew techniques of settling outstanding balances using cashless payments in some form.
Formative Modernities in the Early Modern Atlantic and Beyond
This book offers a new perspective on the concept of modernity. Since its invention as a contrast to Antiquity or the Middle Ages, modernity has been tied to ideas of superiority, progress, and efficiency. As a counterpart to the Marxist “history of class struggle”, “modernization theories” have transformed modernity into an almost teleological concept of historical development. These strong connotations obstruct a clear look at other forms of modernity. The contributions of the volume will show in a comparative perspective how modernity can also be understood and analyzed as multiple responses of societies and polities to organize themselves in facing ever more complex and integrated interactions at ever larger scales.
Constructing a German Diaspora
This book takes on a global perspective to unravel the complex relationship between Imperial Germany and its diaspora. Around 1900, German-speakers living abroad were tied into global power-political aspirations. They were represented as outposts of a "Greater German Empire" whose ethnic links had to be preserved for their own and the fatherland’s benefits. Did these ideas fall on fertile ground abroad? In the light of extreme social, political, and religious heterogeneity, diaspora construction did not redeem the all-encompassing fantasies of its engineers. But it certainly was at work, as nationalism "went global" in many German ethnic communities. Three thematic areas are taken as examp...
Colonial Adventures: Commercial Law and Practice in the Making
Colonial Adventures:Commercial Law and Practice in the Making proposes a lung run exploration of the influence of colonisation and overseas trade on commercial law and the adaptation of transplanted law to colonial constraints in a comparative perspective.
How a Ledger Became a Central Bank
Before the US Federal Reserve and the Bank of England, the Bank of Amsterdam ('Bank') was a dominant central bank with a global impact on money and credit. How a Ledger Became a Central Bank draws on extensive archival data and rich secondary literature, to offer a new and detailed portrait of this historically significant institution. It describes how the Bank struggled to manage its money before hitting a modern solution: fiat money in combination with a repurchase facility and discretionary open market operations. It describes techniques the Bank used to monitor and stabilize money stock, and how foreign sovereigns could exploit the liquidity of the Bank for state finance. Closing with a discussion of commonalities of the Bank of Amsterdam with later central banks, including the Federal Reserve, this book has generated a great deal of excitement among scholars of central banking and the role of money in the macroeconomy.
