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By moving beyond consideration of the welfare legislation enacted in the 1940s, this book explains how government aid was actually provided in the new British welfare state created just after World War II. Revealing dimensions of social policy that have been neglected by scholars, this study uncovers the practices of the officials who decided how welfare would be distributed. Between 1945 and 1965, social policy was in a state of flux, as officials sought to reconcile the new welfare state’s message of unqualified inclusion with deeply ingrained norms that militated against providing state aid to working-age men, to women who had even a tenuous connection to a male wage-earner, or to black and Asian immigrants who lacked an authentic "British" identity. Fusing the rationales of the poor law and the technologies of the modern bureaucratic state, various government branches tried to shape the behavior and attitudes of those seeking benefits. These mechanisms of welfare distribution created a bureaucratic language and logic that foreshadowed the more publicized, politicized anxieties that would surface as the welfare state itself came under attack later in the 20th century.
32 stories by nine authors across a wide range of genres - most of which are certainly not suitable for children. Sex, violence, blood, gore, booze, drugs, cowboys and smoking - this book has it all. The first anthology of Underdogs contains something for everyone and a few things that are probably for nobody. It's a lucky dip... If you're feeling lucky.
Herbert Woodward Martin is a prize-winning poet and performer, an actor and playwright, a singer and opera librettist, a professor, and a scholar. Born in Alabama in 1933 and educated in Toledo and New York, Martin has lived and worked most of his life in Ohio. His parents appreciated literature and music and saw to it that their young son was immersed in the arts. The family moved to Toledo, Ohio, when Herbert was twelve years old. He began to write poetry during his undergraduate years at the University of Toledo, from which he graduated in 1964. Herbert Woodward Martin and the African American Tradition in Poetry chronicles the writing and performing career of Herbert W. Martin, focusing on the way his life has informed his art and situating his creative work within the context of the African American tradition in poetry. Author Ronald Primeau examines Martin's place in American literature with particular emphasis on his multidisciplinary talents and his contributions to the arts through his highly regarded performances of poetry (especially that of Paul Laurence Dunbar) and his acting, playwriting, and composing. Even though Martin's work is highly regarded, has been anthologiz