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Development of a Transpondersonde for the Super-LOKI Meteorological Rocket
The report discusses the results of an in-house AFCRL effort to design and develop a meteorological transponder rocketsonde. The rocketsonde was designed to be flown in the Super-LOKI rocket vehicle to an apogee altitude of about 75 km where it is ejected and descends on a 'STARUTE', or stable parachute, while transmitting meteorological data. It is tracked by an automatic ground tracking station, Rawin Set AN/GMD-4, which demodulates the signals transmitted by the sonde to provide direct measurement of atmospheric temperatures, elevation and azimuth angles, and slant range. The angles and slant range are then used to compute wind velocity and the altitudes to which temperature and winds are assigned. It is this independent slant range measuring capability which distinguishes the transpondersonde from other types of rocketsondes, in that high precision radars are not necessary to obtain the wind and altitude data as is necessary with the nontransponder systems. As a result, meteorological rocket soundings can now be conducted in areas of the world where tracking radars are not available or cannot be suitably scheduled.
Temperature, Pressure, Density and Wind Measurements with the Rocket Grenade Experiment, 1960-1963
Complete data from 28 rocket grenade experiments at Wallops Island, Virginia, and Fort Churchill, Canada, are presented. Pressures, temperatures, densities, and winds have been derived directly from the recorded times of explosions and sound arrivals; but no attempt has been made to analyze the meteorological significance of these measurements. Error analyses on 16 of the Wallops experiments are also included.
