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The survey compares the rules on contractual non-performance and remedies under the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the Principles of European Contract Law, and Indian statutory contract law (including the Indian Contract Act, 1872). Given that most Indian statutes were derived from English law and may therefore be viewed as «codified common law», this comparison may contribute to the question of whether, especially in view of contract law harmonisation in the EU, the civil-law and common-law traditions could be merged in a common code. Moreover, it may help identify legal differences that are relevant to doing business between India and Europe. The general conclusion of the survey is that the Principles and Indian statutory contract law share a close proximity especially because many of their provisions on non-performance and remedies appear to be derived from the same concepts and also provide for very similar consequences.
Advanced notion of the Creeping Codification which is based on the 'TransLex Principles', operated by the Center for Transnational Law (CENTRAL) of Cologne University at www.trans-lex.org. The Trans- Lex Principles are based on the 'List of Principles, Rules and Standards of the Lex Mercatoria' which was reproduced in the Annex of the first edition of this book. This Internet-based codification method realized through the TransLex Principles corresponds to the unique character of the Creeping Codification of the New Lex Mercatoria which is an ongoing, spontaneous, and dynamic process which is never completed.
This book adopts the proposition that it is possible to the customs to be sources of contractual obligations. To support that premise, it was necessary to seek jurisprudential (arbitration and litigation) and comparative basis. Even more, due to contract law internationalization, customary international sources should be subject of domestic treatment, as they provide contractual obligations as well as they work as contractual interpretation tool. However, one can´t neglect the need to control the customary content. In detailed terms, then, we can say that the role reserved for the custom as contractual law rules source has always been residual in Brazilian law. Accompanying the modern Europ...
This book offers in-depth analysis of the foundations of, and justifications for, application of the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts as the governing law to be recognized by arbitral tribunals and domestic courts.
Lawyers involved in international commercial transactions know well that unforeseen events affecting the performance of a party often arise. Not surprisingly, exemptions for non-performance are dealt with in a significant number of arbitral awards. This very useful book thoroughly analyzes contemporary approaches, particularly as manifested in case law, to the scope and content of the principles of exemption for non-performance which are commonly referred to as 'force majeure' and 'hardship.' The author shows that the 'general principles of law' approach addresses this concern most effectively. Generally accepted and understood by the business world at large, this approach encompasses princi...
This book examines uniform contract law in all relevant areas of legal doctrine and practice, and considers the barriers which exist toward it in modern nation states, namely in the German and English legal systems. The author suggests ways to overcome these obstacles, and develops an autonomous methodology of interpretation of transnational contract principles. The book analyses existing uniform transnational law rules, such as the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts.
Any practising lawyer and student working with international commercial contracts faces standardised contracts and international arbitration as mechanisms for dispute settlement. Transnational rules may be applicable, but national law is still important. Based on extensive practical experience, this book analyses international contract practice and its interaction with various applicable sources. It considers vital questions concerning the role played by contractual regulation, by national law and by transnational sources. What is the interaction among these factors, and how does this all apply to contracts that refer disputes to international arbitration? This revised second edition has been fully updated to reflect developments in the field and includes useful tools like tables of cases and sources, and a list of electronic resources and databases.
Leading trade law expert Henry Gabriel analyzes and compares the substantive law of the UN convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) with the sales provisions of Article Two of the UCC and the UNIDROIT Principles on International Commercial Contracts. The author highlights which provisions apply to a transaction and what impact each provision has on a sales contract.
Effective and healthy remedies produced by infusing water with appealing crystalline energies are carefully described in this informative manual. The first part covers aspects of preparation, featuring deceptively simple processes such as the boiling method, the water vapor method, and the test tube method--all of which can be easily mastered by crystal healing enthusiasts. After outlining the correct methods to use and listing poisonous crystals as a safety precaution, the book examines more than 100 usable crystals and 34 special mixtures, revealing their intended uses and effects for the optimum in therapeutic results.
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