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Polytopes - Combinations and Computation
Questions that arose from linear programming and combinatorial optimization have been a driving force for modern polytope theory, such as the diameter questions motivated by the desire to understand the complexity of the simplex algorithm, or the need to study facets for use in cutting plane procedures. In addition, algorithms now provide the means to computationally study polytopes, to compute their parameters such as flag vectors, graphs and volumes, and to construct examples of large complexity. The papers of this volume thus display a wide panorama of connections of polytope theory with other fields. Areas such as discrete and computational geometry, linear and combinatorial optimization, and scientific computing have contributed a combination of questions, ideas, results, algorithms and, finally, computer programs.
Introduction to Tropical Geometry
Tropical geometry is a combinatorial shadow of algebraic geometry, offering new polyhedral tools to compute invariants of algebraic varieties. It is based on tropical algebra, where the sum of two numbers is their minimum and the product is their sum. This turns polynomials into piecewise-linear functions, and their zero sets into polyhedral complexes. These tropical varieties retain a surprising amount of information about their classical counterparts. Tropical geometry is a young subject that has undergone a rapid development since the beginning of the 21st century. While establishing itself as an area in its own right, deep connections have been made to many branches of pure and applied m...
Topological and Ergodic Theory of Symbolic Dynamics
Symbolic dynamics is essential in the study of dynamical systems of various types and is connected to many other fields such as stochastic processes, ergodic theory, representation of numbers, information and coding, etc. This graduate text introduces symbolic dynamics from a perspective of topological dynamical systems and presents a vast variety of important examples. After introducing symbolic and topological dynamics, the core of the book consists of discussions of various subshifts of positive entropy, of zero entropy, other non-shift minimal action on the Cantor set, and a study of the ergodic properties of these systems. The author presents recent developments such as spacing shifts, ...
Real Algebraic Geometry and Optimization
This book provides a comprehensive and user-friendly exploration of the tremendous recent developments that reveal the connections between real algebraic geometry and optimization, two subjects that were usually taught separately until the beginning of the 21st century. Real algebraic geometry studies the solutions of polynomial equations and polynomial inequalities over the real numbers. Real algebraic problems arise in many applications, including science and engineering, computer vision, robotics, and game theory. Optimization is concerned with minimizing or maximizing a given objective function over a feasible set. Presenting key ideas from classical and modern concepts in real algebraic...
Analysis of Monge–Ampère Equations
This book presents a systematic analysis of the Monge–Ampère equation, the linearized Monge–Ampère equation, and their applications, with emphasis on both interior and boundary theories. Starting from scratch, it gives an extensive survey of fundamental results, essential techniques, and intriguing phenomena in the solvability, geometry, and regularity of Monge–Ampère equations. It describes in depth diverse applications arising in geometry, fluid mechanics, meteorology, economics, and the calculus of variations. The modern treatment of boundary behaviors of solutions to Monge–Ampère equations, a very important topic of the theory, is thoroughly discussed. The book synthesizes ma...
Introduction to Complex Manifolds
Complex manifolds are smooth manifolds endowed with coordinate charts that overlap holomorphically. They have deep and beautiful applications in many areas of mathematics. This book is an introduction to the concepts, techniques, and main results about complex manifolds (mainly compact ones), and it tells a story. Starting from familiarity with smooth manifolds and Riemannian geometry, it gradually explains what is different about complex manifolds and develops most of the main tools for working with them, using the Kodaira embedding theorem as a motivating project throughout. The approach and style will be familiar to readers of the author's previous graduate texts: new concepts are introdu...
Alexandrov Geometry
Alexandrov spaces are defined via axioms similar to those of the Euclid axioms but where certain equalities are replaced with inequalities. Depending on the signs of the inequalities, we obtain Alexandrov spaces with curvature bounded above (CBA) and curvature bounded below (CBB). Even though the definitions of the two classes of spaces are similar, their properties and known applications are quite different. The goal of this book is to give a comprehensive exposition of the structure theory of Alexandrov spaces with curvature bounded above and below. It includes all the basic material as well as selected topics inspired by considering Alexandrov spaces with CBA and with CBB simultaneously. The book also includes an extensive problem list with solutions indicated for every problem.
Translation Surfaces
This textbook offers an accessible introduction to translation surfaces. Building on modest prerequisites, the authors focus on the fundamentals behind big ideas in the field: ergodic properties of translation flows, counting problems for saddle connections, and associated renormalization techniques. Proofs that go beyond the introductory nature of the book are deftly omitted, allowing readers to develop essential tools and motivation before delving into the literature. Beginning with the fundamental example of the flat torus, the book goes on to establish the three equivalent definitions of translation surface. An introduction to the moduli space of translation surfaces follows, leading int...
Inverse Problems for Fractional Partial Differential Equations
As the title of the book indicates, this is primarily a book on partial differential equations (PDEs) with two definite slants: toward inverse problems and to the inclusion of fractional derivatives. The standard paradigm, or direct problem, is to take a PDE, including all coefficients and initial/boundary conditions, and to determine the solution. The inverse problem reverses this approach asking what information about coefficients of the model can be obtained from partial information on the solution. Answering this question requires knowledge of the underlying physical model, including the exact dependence on material parameters. The last feature of the approach taken by the authors is the...
