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Compliance with Judgments of International Courts
10. List of Sponsors.
The Enforcement of EU Law
Examining the European Commission's current range of practices for exercising control over the meaning and implementation of EU law, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of centralised EU enforcement. It describes the different practices available analysing their effectiveness and discussing the Commission's role in ensuring compliance.
Recueil Des Cours, 1998
The Academy is an institution for the study and teaching of public and private international law and related subjects. Its purpose is to encourage a thorough and impartial examination of the problems arising from international relations in the field of law. The courses deal with the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject, including legislation and case law. All courses at the Academy are, in principle, published in the language in which they were delivered in the Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law. This volume contains: - Conférences prononcées à l'occasion du soixante-quinzième anniversaire de l'Académie/Addresses Delivered on the Occasion of the 75th...
Reputation and Judicial Tactics
This book argues that national and international courts seek to enhance their reputations through the strategic exercise of judicial power. Courts often cannot enforce their judgments and must rely on reputational sanctions to ensure compliance. One way to do this is for courts to improve their reputation for generating compliance with their judgments. When the court's reputation is increased, parties will be expected to comply with its judgments and the reputational sanction on a party that fails to comply will be higher. This strategy allows national and international courts, which cannot enforce their judgments against states and executives, to improve the likelihood that their judgments will be complied with over time. This book describes the judicial tactics that courts use to shape their judgments in ways that maximize their reputational gains.
Dispute Resolution Under Tax Treaties
As the interrelationship among tax bases continues to parallel the rapid development of the global economy, disputes among governments as to their right to tax international trade and investments under income tax treaties are expected to increase in number and scope. This study takes an in-depth look at the mechanisms used to resolve such disputes and how they interact with the interests of the various parties involved in the process. The study presents an analysis of the available literature, supplemented by statistical data from North America, Europe and Asia. Analysis of this data leads to interesting insights into the way the dispute resolution process functions when it is applied in dif...
The Execution of Strasbourg and Geneva Human Rights Decisions in the National Legal Order
In practice and legal doctrine, little attention has so far been paid to the position of the applicant who has taken the long road to the European Court of Human Rights (Strasbourg) or a UN Human Rights Committee (Geneva) and finally won his/her case there. Does he or she see any improvement in his/her position? Does the applicant obtain real reparation? The purpose of this book is to demonstrate how individual case decisions from Strasbourg and Geneva are implemented in the national legal order. Is there a need for improving this implementation, and if so, how can such an improvement be achieved? In this volume several legal practitioners and scholars deal with the issue of the execution of human rights decisions in the national legal order from different perspectives. Emphasis is laid on the execution of Strasbourg decisions in the Dutch legal order, but solutions in other Council of Europe member states are also discussed. The book is intended for lawyers having a special interest in human rights, both at the national and international level.
Interpretation, Revision and Other Recourse from International Judgments and Awards
Although there had been a few cases of the interpretation of judgments of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice, it was not until the mid-1980s that serious judicial discussion of the related problems of the interpretation and revision by the International Court of one of its own judgments came before the Court. Similar cases have also arisen in international arbitration proceedings between States. Interpretation, revision, and other forms of ‘reference’ to the International Court from some other international body, court or arbitral tribunal have produced a complex pattern of black letter texts supplemented by an even more complex set of jud...
Reverse Discrimination in EC Law
Discrimination is an incongruity in the contemporary EC. Then, the author provides an in-depth analysis of two of the post-Maastricht developments in the context of free movement: the establishment of the status of Union citizenship by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993 and the development of that status through the Court's recent jurisprudence; and the formal completion of the internal market in 1993, as required by the provisions inserted into the EC Treaty by the Single European Act. Focusing on the central issue of whether reverse discrimination is - and should remain - outside the scope of EC law, the author explains what has been the impact of each of these developments on the question o...
The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
The first part of the book reviews the multi-level system of protection currently operating in Europe and its constitutional implications. The Charter is analysed from a legal, political and practical standpoint. The activity of the European Parliament as a fundamental rights actor will also be examined, as well as the right to a fair trial and to effective judicial protection before and by the EU Courts. The second part of the volume addresses the impact of a binding Charter on specific areas of EU Law. The order in which the contributions have been set out reflects the structure of the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union: free circulation of persons; the internal market; the area of freedom security and justice (civil and criminal aspects); social rights protection; environmental policy; enlargement; international trade and the Common Foreign and Security Policy.
Multilevel Regulation and the EU
Rules are no longer merely made by states, but increasingly by international organizations and other international bodies. At the same time these rules do impact the daily life of citizens and companies as it has become increasingly difficult to draw dividing lines between international, EU and domestic law. This book introduces the notion of a ~multilevel regulationa (TM) as a way to study these normative processes and the interplay between different legal orders. It indicates that many rules in such areas as trade, financial cooperation, food safety, pharmaceuticals, security, terrorism, civil aviation, environmental protection or the internet find their origin in international cooperation...
