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Evolution Evolving
A new account of the central role developmental processes play in evolution A new scientific view of evolution is emerging—one that challenges and expands our understanding of how evolution works. Recent research demonstrates that organisms differ greatly in how effective they are at evolving. Whether and how each organism adapts and diversifies depends critically on the mechanistic details of how that organism operates—its development, physiology, and behavior. That is because the evolutionary process itself has evolved over time, and continues to evolve. The scientific understanding of evolution is evolving too, with groundbreaking new ways of explaining evolutionary change. In this bo...
Evolution "On Purpose"
A unique exploration of teleonomy—also known as “evolved purposiveness”—as a major influence in evolution by a broad range of specialists in biology and the philosophy of science. The evolved purposiveness of living systems, termed “teleonomy” by chronobiologist Colin Pittendrigh, has been both a major outcome and causal factor in the history of life on Earth. Many theorists have appreciated this over the years, going back to Lamarck and even Darwin in the nineteenth century. In the mid-twentieth century, however, the complex, dynamic process of evolution was simplified into the one-way, bottom-up, single gene-centered paradigm widely known as the modern synthesis. In Evolution ...
Philosophy of Science for Biologists
A short and accessible introduction to philosophy of science for students and researchers across the life sciences.
Structure and Function
The history of biology is mottled with disputes between two distinct approaches to the organic world: structuralism and functionalism. Their persistence across radical theory change makes them difficult to characterize: the characterization must be abstract enough to capture biologists with diverse theoretical commitments, yet not so abstract as to be vacuous. This Element develops a novel account of structuralism and functionalism in terms of explanatory strategies (Section 2). This reveals the possibility of integrating the two strategies; the explanatory successes of evolutionary-developmental biology essentially depend on such integration (Section 3). Neither explanatory strategy is universally subordinate to the other, though subordination with respect to particular explanatory tasks is possible (Section 4). Beyond structuralism and functionalism, philosophical analysis that centers explanatory strategies can illuminate conflicts within evolutionary theory more generally (Section 5).
Evolutionary Causation
A comprehensive treatment of the concept of causation in evolutionary biology that makes clear its central role in both historical and contemporary debates. Most scientific explanations are causal. This is certainly the case in evolutionary biology, which seeks to explain the diversity of life and the adaptive fit between organisms and their surroundings. The nature of causation in evolutionary biology, however, is contentious. How causation is understood shapes the structure of evolutionary theory, and historical and contemporary debates in evolutionary biology have revolved around the nature of causation. Despite its centrality, and differing views on the subject, the major conceptual issu...
A Level Biology for OCR A: Year 1 and AS
Please note this title is suitable for any student studying: Exam Board: OCR Level: A Level Year 1 and AS Subject: Biology First teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2016 Written by curriculum and specification experts, this Student Book supports and extends students through their course whilst delivering the breadth, depth, and skills needed to succeed at A Level and beyond.
A Level Biology for OCR A
Please note this title is suitable for any student studying: Exam Board: OCR Level: A Level Year 2 Subject: Biology First teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2017 Written by curriculum and specification experts in partnership with OCR, this Student Book supports and extends students throughout their course while delivering the breadth, depth, and skills needed to succeed at A Level and beyond. It develops real subject knowledge as well as essential exam skills. This Student Book covers the second year of content required for the OCR Biology A specification.
Religious Knowledge and Positioning
What should one know in order to position oneself vis-à-vis other religions and confessions? What is religious knowledge and how should it be taught? This volume sheds light on educational media in Judaism and Christianity such as catechisms, children’s bibles, and sermons as well as Jewish and Protestant teacher training in 19th-century Germany and explores the methodological potentials of educational media as a source for (inter-)religious history. It reflects on broader processes of knowledge production and the impact of science and scholarship on religious edu-cation and knowledge production within Christian and Jewish contexts. The volume draws on an interdisciplinary conference that...
