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Acidification and Hypoxia in Marginal Seas
The image is modified based on Figure 1a of Lucey et al. (this Research Topic) and Figure 7b of Niemi et al. (this Research Topic). (A) Graphical depiction of atmospheric warming and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2atm), which drives ocean warming, contribute to the decreases in dissolved oxygen (DO), and lowers pH and saturation state index of calcium carbonate (Ω). The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) increases due to increasing atmospheric CO2 that is absorbed into the seawater (i.e., ocean acidification), along with other biological processes in the marine environment. (B) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image showing dissolution on pteropod shells collected in the Amundsen Gulf in the Canadian Arctic, in 2017. Lucey N, Haskett E and Collin R (2020) Multi-stressor Extremes Found on a Tropical Coral Reef Impair Performance. Front. Mar. Sci. 7:588764. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.588764 Niemi A, Bednaršek N, Michel C, Feely RA, Williams W, Azetsu-Scott K, Walkusz W and Reist JD (2021) Biological Impact of Ocean Acidification in the Canadian Arctic: Widespread Severe Pteropod Shell Dissolution in Amundsen Gulf. Front. Mar. Sci. 8:600184. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.600184
Ocean Artificial Upwelling – Ecological Responses and Biogeochemical Impacts
Feeding a growing human population and achieving net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050 are the great challenges of the 21st century. Whilst terrestrial resources are already utilized intensively by competing societal sectors, the vast ocean ecosystems still hold untapped potential. The productivity of the ocean is, however, limited by the transport of nutrient-rich deep waters to the sun-lit surface layer. In large parts of the global ocean, this transport is blocked by a temperature-induced density gradient, with warm light waters residing on top of heavier cold waters. The upward transport of nutrient-rich deep waters through artificial upwelling can break this blockade and enhance primary production. However, little is presently known about the ecological responses to forced upwelling in oligotrophic waters, their impacts on biogeochemical cycling and possible feedbacks to the climate system. In view of its potential contribution to securing marine food production and mitigating climate change, a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility, effectiveness, and associated risks of artificial upwelling is of particular scientific and societal interest.
Ocean Governance
This Open Access book on Ocean Governance examines sustainability challenges facing our oceans today. The book is organized into three sections: knowledge systems, policy foundations and thematic analyses. The knowledge produced in the book was catalyzed by the scientific outcomes within the European-funded Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) network “Ocean Governance for Sustainability – Challenges, Options and the Role of Science”. This network brings together scientists, policy-makers and civil society representatives from 28 nation states to cooperate on ocean governance research. This book offers a compilation of new research material including focused case studies, broad...
2020年7月號 HOW IT WORKS 知識大圖解 中文版 NO.70
HIW70專題 綜觀人體微生物 人體可謂「生意盎然」。在各角落和縫隙中，皆存有微型生態系，充滿了細菌、古菌、真菌、原生生物和病毒。它們構成了身體的重要一環，可協助消化食物，與免疫系統相互作用，甚至影響情緒。正如地球上各種動植物的棲地各異，不同微生物所占據的身體部位也不一樣。手臂和腿上的皮膚既乾燥、溫度變化又大，就像座沙漠，少有物種能頑強到以此為家。不過，腸道好似溫暖、潮溼且肥沃的熱帶地區，可供養相當多元的微生物。在體內各微生態系中，微生物群落即所謂的「微生物區」（microbiota...
The Ends of the World
‘A book about one apocalypse – much less five – could have been a daunting read, were it not for the wit, lyricism, and clarity that Peter Brannen brings to every page.’ Ed Yong, author of I Contain Multitudes Apocalypse, now? Death by fire, ice, poison gas, suffocation, asteroid. At five moments through history life on Earth was dragged to the very edge of extinction. Now, armed with revolutionary technology, scientists are uncovering clues about what caused these catastrophes. Deep-diving into past worlds of dragonflies the size of seagulls and fishes with guillotines for mouths, they explore how – against all the odds – life survived and what these ominous chapters can tell us about our future.
Capitalism and Environmental Collapse
This book intends to be an alert to the fact that the curve measuring environmental costs against the economic benefits of capitalism has irreversibly entered into a negative phase. The prospect of an environmental collapse has been evidenced by the sciences and the humanities since the 1960s. Today, it imposes its urgency. This collapse differs from past civilizations in that it is neither local nor just civilizational. It is global and occurs at the broadest level of the biosphere, accelerated by the convergence of different socio-environmental crises, such as: Earth energy imbalance, climate change and global warming Sea-level rise Decrease and degradation of forests Collapse of terrestri...
Los finales del mundo
Selección del editor 2017 del New York Times. Entre los 10 mejores libros 2017 sobre el medio ambiente, el clima y la conservación según Forbes. En este documentadísimo (y no menos divertido) relato de las grandes extinciones del pasado, Peter Brannen nos demuestra que los fósiles también pueden darnos pistas para no ser los siguientes en extinguirnos en el futuro. Aunque no lo parezca, nuestra Tierra se ha extinguido ya cinco veces: ha sido asada, congelada, envenenada, asfixiada y apedreada por asteroides. La ciencia sugiere que el cambio climático jugó un papel crucial en las catástrofes más extremas de la historia del planeta. Peter Brannen se sumerge en un intrépido viaje a t...
