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Nuclear Shapes and Nuclear Structure at Low Excitation Energies
Proceedings of a NATO ARW held in Cargese, France, June 3-7, 1991
2d atoms
2d atoms. Nuclear shapes and nuclear structure The paper compares the scientific ideas of spherical and deformed atomic nuclei with the previously unknown theory of checkerboard and planar atomic structure. For this purpose, the interpretations of the nuclear structure of international researchers were compared with the author's interpretations according to the checkerboard and planar atomic structure. Helmut Albert, Freiburg / Germany 2023.
Pear-shaped Nuclei
During the last several decades, the study of nuclear shapes has been of prime importance. A large number of investigations, both theoretical and experimental, have led to the discovery of a rich variety of nuclear shapes like, the basic spherical, deformed, superdeformed, triaxial, shape coexistence, reflection asymmetric (pear-shape) and other exotic ones. Apart from common nuclear structural properties, each of the mentioned shapes manifests properties associated with its specific form. It is interesting to note that most deformed nuclei are prolate deformed. In this monograph, attention is paid to pear-shaped nuclei.
Shapes and Shells in Nuclear Structure
A detailed review of the key models of nuclear structure and dynamics.
The Variety of Nuclear Shapes
The present volume consists of texts of a series of lectures presented at the International Conference on Nuclear Shapes held at Aghia Pelaghia on the Greek island of Crete, June 29 to July 3, 1987. The premise of this conference was to summarize state of the art information pertaining to the shape of the atomic nucleus from a variety of experimental and theoretical backgrounds as diverse as e.g. electron scattering, atomic spectroscopy and high-spin nuclear spectroscopy.
The Role of Nuclear Shapes in Nuclear Structure (from the Perspective of the Daresbury Tandem).
In specific regions of the nuclear periodic chart, large multipole moments are observed and the low-lying excitations have a rotational character. These features are understood if the nuclei in question are assumed to have a stable deformation, i.e., a non-spherical distribution of the nuclear matter. In other (transitional) regions the quasi-rotational bands are present; they are strongly coupled to low-lying vibrational modes. Those nuclei are best understood in terms of small static deformations but large dynamic fluctuations around local equilibria. As a matter of fact, the vast majority of nuclei are deformed; even in those which are spherical or almost spherical, the dynamical coupling...
Evolution of Nuclear Shapes at High Spins
The dynamic electric quadrupole (E2) moments are a direct reflection of the collective aspects of the nuclear wave functions. For this, Doppler-shift lifetime measurements have been done utilizing primarily the recoil-distance technique. The nuclei with neutron number N approx. 90 possess many interesting properties. These nuclei have very shallow minima in their potential energy surfaces, and thus, are very susceptible to deformation driving influences. It is the evolution of nuclear shapes as a function of spin or rotational frequency for these nuclei that has commanded much interest in the lifetime measurements discussed here. There is growing evidence that many deformed nuclei which have...
