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This book is mostly concerned on the experimental research of the nonlinear optical characteristics of various media, low- and high-order harmonic generation in different materials, and formation, and nonlinear optical characterization of clusters. We also demonstrate the inter-connection between these areas of nonlinear optics. Nonlinear optical properties of media such as optical limiting can be applied in various areas of science and technology. To define suitable materials for these applications, one has to carefully analyse the nonlinear optical characteristics of various media, such as the nonlinear refractive indices, coefficients of nonlinear absorption, saturation absorption intensi...
The great Buddhist writer Santaraksita (725-88) was central to the Buddhist traditions spread into Tibet. He and his disciple Kamalasila were among the most influential thinkers in classical India. They debated ideas not only within the Buddhist tradition but also with exegetes of other Indian religions, and they both traveled and nurtured Buddhism in Tibet during its infancy there. Their views, however, have been notoriously hard to classify. The present volume examines Santaraksita's encyclopedic Tattvasamgraha and Kamalasila's detailed commentary on that text in his Panjika, two works that have historically been presented together. The works cover all conceivable problems in Buddhist thought and portray Buddhism as a supremely rational faith. One hotly debated topic of their time was omniscience -- infinite, all-compassing knowledge -- whether it was possible and whether one could defensibly claim it as a quality of the Buddha.
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The Indian tradition of semantic elucidation known as nirvacana analysis represented a powerful hermeneutic tool in the exegesis and transmission of authoritative scripture. Nevertheless, it has all too frequently been dismissed by modern scholars as anything from folk-etymology to a primitive forerunner of historical linguistics. Eivind Kahrs argues that such views fall short of explaining both its acceptance within the sophisticated grammatical tradition of vyakarana and its effective usage in the processing of Sanskrit texts. He establishes his argument by investigating the learned Sanskrit literature of Saiva Kashmir and explains the nirvacana tradition in the light of a model substitution, used at least since the time of the Upanisads and later refined in the technical literatures of grammar and ritual. According to this model, a substitute (adesa) takes the place (sthana) of the original placeholder (sthanin). On the basis of a searching analysis of Sanskrit texts, the author argues that this sthana 'place' can be interpreted as 'meaning', the model thereby providing favourable circumstances for reinterpretation and change.
The book presents an authoritative, comprehensive, and practical guide to modern, evidence-based practice in the field of mental-health assessment, treatment, and care. It features a range of contributions from aviation-related organisations, including different skills and methods that can be used for the clinical assessment of pilots.