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Forestry in Central and Eastern European countries is going through a turbulent phase, caused by an uncertain economic situation, ownership changes and envisaged memberships of the European Union. Additionally, recent developments in the environment give reasons for concern, like the effects of air pollution, acidification and possible climate change. Another recent development in Europe is the tendency to shift towards a more nature oriented forest management. The aim of the book is to give insight in possible future development directions of the forests of CEC and NIS countries in order to contribute to current discussions about sustainability, the future biological potential, management options and impacts of environmental changes. With a large scale scenario model (EFISCEN), a quantitative assessment of future wood production in Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and Ukraine, its degree of sustainability under various scenarios of forest growth and timber harvest, and the overall consequences of forest decline and climate change on future wood supply was made.
This book is a tutorial guide for new users that aims to help you understand the basics of and become accomplished with the use of R for quantitative finance.If you are looking to use R to solve problems in quantitative finance, then this book is for you. A basic knowledge of financial theory is assumed, but familiarity with R is not required. With a focus on using R to solve a wide range of issues, this book provides useful content for both the R beginner and more experience users.
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Against the backdrop of the Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forests and Land Use and the pledge of 140 countries to eliminate forest loss by 2030 and to support restoration and sustainable forestry, the 2022 edition of The State of the World’s Forests (SOFO) explores the potential of three forest pathways for achieving green recovery and tackling multidimensional planetary crises, including climate change and biodiversity loss. The three interrelated pathways are halting deforestation and maintaining forests; restoring degraded lands and expanding agroforestry; and sustainably using forests and building green value chains. The balanced, simultaneous pursuit of these pathways can generate...
This paper contains information supplied by national correspondents, in accordance with the commitments in resolution H3 of the 1993 Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe (MCPFE), on forestry assistance to countries with economies in transition. There is information on more than 650 individual projects as well as information on user needs and some analysis of the type of cooperation being used.
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