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Much research over the past 30 to 40 years has shown that the inflammatory response, while critical for host defense during microbial infection, may itself play a central role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Although key mediators responsible for this injury have been identified, efforts clinically to augment our conventional antimicrobial and supportive therapies during sepsis with agents modulating the inflammatory response have been unsuccessful. As a result, the mortality associated with this lethal syndrome, especially when complicated by shock, has remained persistently high. Unfortunately, during this same period of time, the incidence of sepsis has accelerated as other fields of medicine have relied increasingly on therapies that predispose to infection. While frustrating, overall this experience in the field of sepsis has not been without value. Most importantly, it has helped define on several different levels the complexity of the septic patient. Recognizing and addressing this complexity as discussed by each of the contributors to Evolving Concepts in Sepsis and Septic Shock may now provide new inroads into the treatment of sepsis.
This reference surveys current best practices in the prevention and management of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and spans the many pathways and mechanisms of VILI including cell injury and repair, the modulation of alveolar-capillary barrier properties, and lung and systemic inflammatory consequences of injurous mechanical ventilation. Cons
Emerging and re-emerging pathogens pose several challenges to diagnosis, treatment, and public health surveillance, primarily because pathogen identification is a difficult and time-consuming process due to the “novel” nature of the agent. Proper identification requires a wide array of techniques, but the significance of these diagnostics is anticipated to increase with advances in newer molecular and nanobiotechnological interventions and health information technology. Human Emerging and Re-emerging Infections covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, clinical features, and public health risks posed by new viral and microbial infections. The book includes detailed coverage on ...
In its expanded second edition, this chronology examines the effects of epidemic illness and death on human culture from 2700 bce to 2017. Entries summarize incidents of contagion across the globe, including symptoms, treatment, prevention and demographics, as well as biographical information on notable people who identified and battled disease. Entries feature citations from personal and public documents along with maps, charts comparing types of infection, and estimated populations affected by each epidemic.
Proposals to reform the health care system typically focus on either increasing private insurance or expanding government-sponsored plans. Guaranteeing that everyone is insured, however, does not create a system with the quality of care patients want, the flexibility clinicians need, and the internal dynamics to continually improve the value of health care. In Total Cure, Hal Luft presents a comprehensive new proposal, SecureChoice, which does all that while providing affordable health insurance for every American. SecureChoice is a plan that restructures payment for medical care, harnessing the flexibility and responsiveness of the market by aligning the incentives of clinicians, hospitals,...
It is perhaps not too much of an exaggeration to claim that experimental hematology as it flourishes today originated largely from the pioneering attempts to protect lethally radiated animals (1) by shielding of hemopoietic tissues by L.O. Jacobson (9), and (2) by treatment with bone marrow suspensions by E. Lorenz and his col laborators (12). The site chosen for this annual meeting of the International Society for Experi mental Hematology is given a special historic sig nificance by the fact that it was 25 years ago that the first publication on this subject by Lorenz ap peared from his laboratory at the National Insti tutes of Health. Lorenz's discovery marked the beginning of a period whi...
The Drug Discovery Handbook gives professionals a tool to facilitate drug discovery by bringing together, for the first time in one resource, a compendium of methods and techniques that need to be considered when developing new drugs. This comprehensive, practical guide presents an explanation of the latest techniques and methods in drug discovery, including: Genomics, proteomics, high-throughput screening, and systems biology Summaries of how these techniques and methods are used to discover new central nervous system agents, antiviral agents, respiratory drugs, oncology drugs, and more Specific approaches to drug discovery, including problems that are encountered, solutions to these problems, and limitations of various methods and techniques The thorough coverage and practical, scientifically valid problem-solving approach of Drug Discovery Handbook will serve as an invaluable aid in the complex task of developing new drugs.
Intensive care patients are the most critically ill in any hospital and they are a patient group that utilises a disproportionate amount of medical resources. Intensive care medicine, around for about 40 years, is a relatively recent but globally expanding specialty due to a growing geriartric population of discerning demand for health system.The older generation of intensivists are approaching retirement. The middle generation is trained in various medical specialties and then subspecialised in intensive care. These doctors now lead the way in clinical practice, research, management and training. On the other hand, the younger generation of intensivists includes an ever increasing number of...
Presents the broad outline of NIH organizational structure, theprofessional staff, and their scientific and technical publications covering work done at NIH.
Hailed by John le Carré as “an act of courage on the part of its author” and singled out for praise by the leading medical journals in the United States and the United Kingdom, The Body Hunters uncovers the real-life story behind le Carré's acclaimed novel The Constant Gardener and the feature film based on it. "A trenchant exposé . . . meticulously researched and packed with documentary evidence" (Publishers Weekly), Sonia Shah's riveting journalistic account shines a much-needed spotlight on a disturbing new global trend. Drawing on years of original research and reporting in Africa and Asia, Shah examines how the multinational pharmaceutical industry, in its quest to develop lucrative drugs, has begun exporting its clinical research trials to the developing world, where ethical oversight is minimal and desperate patients abound. As the New England Journal of Medicine notes, “it is critical that those engaged in drug development, clinical research and its oversight, research ethics, and policy know about these stories,” which tell of an impossible choice being faced by many of the world's poorest patients—be experimented upon or die for lack of medicine.