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This study updates the findings of a 1994 study on how the concepts of women in development and gender have evolved within the World Bank, and how Bank policies and lending reflect these concepts. Drawing from documentation including project documents, economic and sector work, and OED evaluations, this study analyzes the overall quality of lending in Fiscal 1994-95 for gender integration, compares it with that of complete projects, and reviews recent economic and sector work and country assistance strategies. The update calls for actions to ensure that gender concerns are addressed in ongoing work on social assessments, performance indicators, and guidance for implementation completion reports.
Societies across Europe and Central Asia are aging, but people are not necessarily living longer. This demographic trend-caused by a decrease in fertility rather than improved longevity-presents both challenges and opportunities for governments, the private sector, and individuals alike. Some of the challenges are well known. Output per capita becomes smaller if it is shared with an increasingly larger group of dependent older people. At a certain point, there may not be sufficient resources to maintain the living standards of this older group, especially if rising expenditures on health care, long-term care, and pensions must be financed through the contributions and taxes paid by ever-smal...
Revised and updated Fifth Edition of this popular critical exploration of the global and political economy. Adopted in sociology, politics, development and geography departments worldwide.
From one of the leading policy experts of our time, an urgent rethinking of how we can better support each other to thrive Whether we realize it or not, all of us participate in the social contract every day through mutual obligations among our family, community, place of work, and fellow citizens. Caring for others, paying taxes, and benefiting from public services define the social contract that supports and binds us together as a society. Today, however, our social contract has been broken by changing gender roles, technology, new models of work, aging, and the perils of climate change. Minouche Shafik takes us through stages of life we all experience—raising children, getting educated,...
Since humans first appeared on the earth, we've been cutting down trees for fuel and shelter. Indeed, the thinning, changing, and wholesale clearing of forests are among the most important ways humans have transformed the global environment. With the onset of industrialization and colonization the process has accelerated, as agriculture, metal smelting, trade, war, territorial expansion, and even cultural aversion to forests have all taken their toll. Michael Williams surveys ten thousand years of history to trace how, why, and when human-induced deforestation has shaped economies, societies, and landscapes around the world. Beginning with the return of the forests to Europe, North America, ...
The story behind the reckless promotion of economic growth despite its disastrous consequences for life on the planet. The notion of ever-expanding economic growth has been promoted so relentlessly that “growth” is now entrenched as the natural objective of collective human effort. The public has been convinced that growth is the natural solution to virtually all social problems—poverty, debt, unemployment, and even the environmental degradation caused by the determined pursuit of growth. Meanwhile, warnings by scientists that we live on a finite planet that cannot sustain infinite economic expansion are ignored or even scorned. In Collision Course, Kerryn Higgs examines how society's ...
THE SMILING CORPSE is one of the most unusual books you'll read this year, and it's a pretty good bet you haven't read this since it came out in 1935. It's a mystery, but unlike any mystery you've ever read, because the "detectives" in this tale are quite recognizable -- as mystery writers of the Golden Age, such as S.S. Van Dine, G.K. Chesterton, Dashiell Hammett, James Cain, and Sax Rohmer.The book has an introduction, The Smiling Corpse—A Re-Introduction by J. Randolph Cox, as well as a Preface by John Graham Ballantine, and there's even a "Who's Who" in case you've forgotten some of the old masters of mystery who show up as characters in this crazy novel. There are also several beautiful illustrations by Georg Hartmann.
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During the 1990's while undergoing the process of nation building, Croatia made significant strides in private sector development and privatization. However, confronted by the impact of war and the need for reconstruction, a fairly sizeable deficit was amassed. The new government installed in 2000, was confronted with the need to establish a more sustainable fiscal policy while confronted by high unemployment and social spending. This report contains a thorough analysis of the areas critical to an improved budgetary management process including expenditure reorientation and restructuring. It provides detailed recommendations to facilitate the efforts of the Croatian Government in reducing public spending while improving its effectiveness.