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This book offers reconstructions of various syntactic properties of Proto-Germanic, including verb position in main clauses, the syntax of the wh-system, and the (non-)occurrence of null pronominal subjects and objects. Although previous studies have looked at the lexical and phonological reconstruction of Proto-Germanic, little is currently known about the syntax of the language, and it has even been argued that the reconstruction of syntax is impossible. Dr Walkden uses extensive evidence from the early Germanic languages - Old English, Old High German, Old Saxon, Old Norse, and Gothic - to show that syntactic reconstruction is not only possible but also profitable. He argues that while th...
This is an open access title available under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence. This book examines some of the main factors determining the word order of Italian sentences. One such factor, contrastive focus, concerns the final position of phrases that are emphatically contrasted relative to other similar phrases (e.g. "JOHN called, not Bill"). The study of Italian has been particularly relevant to claims that these phrases must always be placed in specific positionstoward the front of a sentence. This book examines the conflicting conditions affecting sentences containing both focused and unfocused phrases, showing that when these conditions and their effects areidentified, the position of contrastively focused phrases is radically different from what was previously thought. The book also investigates why this would be the case, concluding that prosodic conditions concerning the placement of intonational stress are ultimately responsible for key aspects of the word order of Italian sentences, an unexpected result showing that intonation can affect how words are combined together.
Most natural languages display an inventory of pronominal elements that obligatorily or optionally remain phonologically null in a few, in many or even in all syntactic surroundings. The authors of the papers compiled in this book analyse such null pronouns in a synchronic and diachronic way and recover the specific morphological and syntactic prerequisites for their origin and insertion.
This volume brings together current research in theoretical syntax and its interfaces in the Polynesian language family. Chapters offer in-depth analyses of a range of theoretical issues of particular interest for comparative syntactic research, such as ergativity and case systems, negation, and the left periphery.
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New, fully updated edition incorporates the latest research in Indo-European Studies Written by an international team of experts providing a range of views in one volume Revised structure with languages following the order of attestation and new indexes for Proto-Indo-European reconstructed roots/words, Proto-Indo-European vocabulary and specific families/languages indexes (i.e Sanskrit, Latin, Gothic, English) for easier reference.
This study offers a novel approach to a longstanding problem in Slavic Linguistics, the formal representation of the Northern Russian participial constructions in -n(o)/-t(o). Unlike previous works, the methodological stance adopted by the author focuses on singling out all the relevant patterns of variation and on pursuing a unified explanation for them. The key to the solution of the puzzle is the idea that the participial affix -n-/-t- and the agreement inflections are not just pieces of morphology inserted post-syntactically, but true heads that enter the computation and are able to manipulate the argumental roles of the verb and to check the EPP. The author’s proposal is properly framed in the context of current debate on interlanguage variation.
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