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First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
For centuries, a persistent and important component of Lakota religious life has been the Inipi, the ritual of the sweat lodge. The sweat lodge has changed little in appearance since its first recorded description in the late seventeenth century. The ritual itself consists of songs, prayers, and other actions conducted in a tightly enclosed, dark, and extremely hot environment. Participants who “sweat” together experience moral strengthening, physical healing, and the renewal of social and cultural bonds. Today, the sweat lodge ritual continues to be a vital part of Lakota religion. It has also been open to use, often controversial, by non-Indians. The ritual has recently become popular among Lakotas recovering from alcohol and drug addiction. This study is the first in-depth look at the history and significance of the Lakota sweat lodge. Bringing together data culled from historical sources and fieldwork on Pine Ridge Reservation, Raymond A. Bucko provides a detailed discussion of continuity and changes in the “sweat” ritual over time. He offers convincing explanations for the longevity of the ceremony and its continuing popularity.
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This text makes use of the unique and extant cultural forms of architecture and the visual arts, as well as statistics and other forms of documentary evidence.
A frequent contributor to The New York Times guides readers through the findings of psychology, philosophy, and artificial intelligence to bring into focus the concept of "common sense". Joseph argues that globalized communications and economies have conspired to outpace our ability to make sense--and he offers recommendations for recovering our common sense.
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Every culture has a secret ingredient, and for Finnish culture and society it is the sauna. The sauna is an actual bath and bathhouse which in practical life brings people together in ways otherwise impossible. And the sauna as symbol brings together and integrates the many contradictory ideals and realities of Finnish society and culture. Through the sauna, nature and culture, the individual and society, the person and the polity, may be woven into an integral whole.
Providing a multifaceted view of modern Finland, this book describes its history, culture, language, geography, natural history and the mythology of early peoples. Topics include Fenno-Scandia inhabitants and their environment, traditional naturalism and modern environmentalism, and the salient features of "Finnishness," including an analysis of the Finnish educational system and gender equality. Finland's art, architecture and music are highlighted, along with its peace-keeping missions worldwide. The country's several ethnic groups and their languages are discussed--the Saami, Finns, Finland-Swedes, Russian-speaking peoples, Jews and Gypsies. The author examines Finland's late but rapid development in commerce and industry, with a focus on the history of Nokia Corporation, which grew from a 19th-century manufacturer of pulpwood and rubber boots to a 21st-century international digital communications company.
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