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Subriemannian geometries can be viewed as limits of Riemannian geometries. They arise naturally in many areas of pure (algebra, geometry, analysis) and applied (mechanics, control theory, mathematical physics) mathematics, as well as in applications (e.g., robotics). This book is devoted to the study of subriemannian geometries, their geodesics, and their applications. It starts with the simplest nontrivial example of a subriemannian geometry: the two-dimensional isoperimetric problem reformulated as a problem of finding subriemannian geodesics. Among topics discussed in other chapters of the first part of the book are an elementary exposition of Gromov's idea to use subriemannian geometry f...
Mirror symmetry began when theoretical physicists made some astonishing predictions about rational curves on quintic hypersurfaces in four-dimensional projective space. Understanding the mathematics behind these predictions has been a substantial challenge. This book is the first completely comprehensive monograph on mirror symmetry, covering the original observations by the physicists through the most recent progress made to date. Subjects discussed include toric varieties, Hodge theory, Kahler geometry, moduli of stable maps, Calabi-Yau manifolds, quantum cohomology, Gromov-Witten invariants, and the mirror theorem. This title features: numerous examples worked out in detail; an appendix on mathematical physics; an exposition of the algebraic theory of Gromov-Witten invariants and quantum cohomology; and, a proof of the mirror theorem for the quintic threefold.
The questions that have been at the center of invariant theory since the 19th century have revolved around the following themes: finiteness, computation, and special classes of invariants. This book begins with a survey of many concrete examples chosen from these themes in the algebraic, homological, and combinatorial context. In further chapters, the authors pick one or the other of these questions as a departure point and present the known answers, open problems, and methods andtools needed to obtain these answers. Chapter 2 deals with algebraic finiteness. Chapter 3 deals with combinatorial finiteness. Chapter 4 presents Noetherian finiteness. Chapter 5 addresses homological finiteness. C...
In the classical theory of self-adjoint boundary value problems for linear ordinary differential operators there is a fundamental, but rather mysterious, interplay between the symmetric (conjugate) bilinear scalar product of the basic Hilbert space and the skew-symmetric boundary form of the associated differential expression. This book presents a new conceptual framework, leading to an effective structured method, for analysing and classifying all such self-adjoint boundary conditions. The program is carried out by introducing innovative new mathematical structures which relate the Hilbert space to a complex symplectic space. This work offers the first systematic detailed treatment in the literature of these two topics: complex symplectic spaces--their geometry and linear algebra--and quasi-differential operators.
This book, Consequences of the Axiom of Choice, is a comprehensive listing of statements that have been proved in the last 100 years using the axiom of choice. Each consequence, also referred to as a form of the axiom of choice, is assigned a number. Part I is a listing of the forms by number. In this part each form is given together with a listing of all statements known to be equivalent to it (equivalent in set theory without the axiom of choice). In Part II the forms are arranged by topic. In Part III we describe the models of set theory which are used to show non-implications between forms. Part IV, the notes section, contains definitions, summaries of important sub-areas and proofs that...
This book combines foundational constructions in the theory of motives and results relating motivic cohomology to more explicit constructions. Prerequisite for understanding the work is a basic background in algebraic geometry. The author constructs and describes a triangulated category of mixed motives over an arbitrary base scheme. Most of the classical constructions of cohomology are described in the motivic setting, including Chern classes from higher $K$-theory, push-forward for proper maps, Riemann-Roch, duality, as well as an associated motivic homology, Borel-Moore homology and cohomology with compact supports.
It has been nearly twenty years since the first edition of this work. In the intervening years, there has been immense progress in the use of homological algebra to construct admissible representations and in the study of arithmetic groups. This second edition is a corrected and expanded version of the original, which was an important catalyst in the expansion of the field. Besides the fundamental material on cohomology and discrete subgroups present in the first edition, this edition also contains expositions of some of the most important developments of the last two decades.
For graduate students and research mathematicians interested in partial differential equations and who have a basic knowledge of functional analysis. Restricted to boundary value problems formed by differential operators, avoiding the use of pseudo- differential operators. Concentrates on fundamental results such as estimates for solutions in different function spaces, the Fredholm property of the problem's operator, regularity assertions, and asymptotic formulas for the solutions of near singular points. Considers the solutions in Sobolev spaces of both positive and negative orders. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR