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Capital Flows to Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union
September 1998 Foreign direct investment and, more recently, short-term debt and portfolio flows have become important parts of private capital flows to Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Private flows have increased in response to reform efforts, the buildup of reserves, and prospective membership in the European Union. Private capital flows to Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have taken off in recent years. Foreign direct investment was the most important such flow from 1991-97, but since 1993 short-term debt and portfolio flows have also been important. The increase in these potentially more volatile short-term flows raises some questions about s...
Mobilizing Aid For Trade
This report was prepared by the Integration and Trade Sector (INT) as a contribution to the regional meeting on Mobilizing Aid for Trade: Latin America and the Caribbean, organized jointly by the IDB and the World Trade Organization (WTO) in collaboration with the World Bank, and hosted by the Government of Peru in Lima on September 13-14, 2007. The meeting is the first of three regional meetings organized by the WTO to prepare for its November 2007 General Council meeting on aid for trade.
An Opportunity for a Different Peru
For the first time in the republican history of Peru, the presidential transition takes place in democracy, social peace, fast economic growth and favorable world markets. In other words, there has never been a better chance to build a different Peru - a richer country, more equal and governable. There are multiple ways to achieve that goal. New reforms must stem from a widespread and participatory debate, one of a common vision conceived for and by Peruvians. This book aims at making a technical and independent contribution to such debate; it summarizes the knowledge available about the challenges to be faced by the new administration. The study does not recommend silver bullets, but sugges...
Good Governance and Trade Policy
Abstract:,500) and an annual increase of 3 or 4 percentage points in the growth rate for this variable. This paper-a product of Trade, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to accelerate the trade and growth of developing countries. The authors may be contacted at fng@worldbank.org or ayeats@worldbank.org.: Turning the economies of Sub-Saharan Africa around requires badly needed national policy reform-abandoning the region's restrictive fiscal, monetary, property, and wage policies and trade barriers. Economists often argue that the level and structure of a country's trade barriers and the quality of its governance policies (for example, regulating foreign invest...
Capital, Coercion, and Postcommunist States
The postcommunist transitions produced two very different types of states. The "contractual" state is associated with the countries of Eastern Europe, which moved toward democratic regimes, consensual relations with society, and clear boundaries between political power and economic wealth. The "predatory" state is associated with the successors to the USSR, which instead developed authoritarian regimes, coercive relations with society, and poorly defined boundaries between the political and economic realms. In Capital, Coercion, and Postcommunist States, Gerald M. Easter shows how the cumulative result of the many battles between state coercion and societal capital over taxation gave rise to...
Slovenia: Main report
The country study is based on the findings of several missions that visited Slovenia during the second half of 1997 and 1998. The report analyzes economic developments of the past few years and policy options linked to the challenges faced by Slovenia in its pursuit of European Union membership.The report is composed of two volumes. 'Volume I' is a summary report that condenses main findings and conclusions. The report focuses on: elimination of the remaining structural weaknesses as means to maintain the macroeconomic stability; increasing the competitiveness of the Slovene economy abroad; and redefining the size and roles of the public and private sectors. 'Volume II' is the main ...
Reducing Air Pollution from Urban Passenger Transport
October 1998 A policy considered in isolation may be ineffective because of the countervailing impact of other factors. And the success of a policy may itself lead to perverse incentives. Thus it is important to design complementary policies that support the original goal. Controlling air pollution from urban transport requires attention to land use planning, transport needs and modes, and air quality. Air quality is declining in urban areas, in part because of the rapid motorization of societies worldwide. To combat the problem, various pollution control strategies have been used or proposed for urban passenger transport. Heil and Pargal develop a simple framework to analyze these strategie...
