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Despite extensive empirical experience, there is both a scientific challenge and a technological need to develop an understanding of the mechanisms underlying the flow of grains. This new reference provides quick access to the current level of knowledge, containing review articles covering recent developments in the field of granular media from the viewpoints of applied, experimental, and theoretical physics. In short, a must-have for advanced researchers and specialists as well as a useful starting point for anyone entering this field. The authors represent different directions of research in the field, with their contributions covering: - Static properties - Granular gases - Dense granular flow - Hydrodynamic interactions - Charged and magnetic granular matter - Computational aspects
The contributions in this book address both the kinetic approach one using the Boltzmann equation for dissipative gases as well as the less established hydrodynamic description. The last part of the book is devoted to driven granular gases and their analogy with molecular fluids.
An overview of the recent progress of research in computational physics and materials science. Particular topics are modelling of traffic flow and complex multi-scale solidification phenomena. The sections introduce novel research results of experts from a considerable diversity of disciplines such as physics, mathematical and computational modelling, nonlinear dynamics, materials sciences, statistical mechanics and foundry technique. The book intends to create a comprehensive and coherent image of the current research status and illustrates new simulation results of transport and interface dynamics by high resolution graphics. Various possible perspectives are formulated for future activities. Special emphasis is laid on exchanging experiences concerning numerical tools and on the bridging of the scales as is necessary in a variety of scientific and engineering applications. An interesting possibility along this line was the coupling of different computational approaches leading to hybrid simulations.
The aim of the present book is to show, in a broad and yet deep way, the state of the art in computational science and engineering. Examples of topics addressed are: fast and accurate numerical algorithms, model-order reduction, grid computing, immersed-boundary methods, and specific computational methods for simulating a wide variety of challenging problems, problems such as: fluid-structure interaction, turbulent flames, bone-fracture healing, micro-electro-mechanical systems, failure of composite materials, storm surges, particulate flows, and so on. The main benefit offered to readers of the book is a well-balanced, up-to-date overview over the field of computational science and engineering, through in-depth articles by specialists from the separate disciplines.
This volume presents basic notions and fundamental properties of granular materials covering a wide spectrum of granular material mechanics. The granular materials may behave as fluids or solids or both. The grain size may span from microscopic to macroscopic scale. From the wet sand effect, Reynolds inspired in 1885 the notion of granular universe introducing the term "dilatancy." Bak, Tan, and Wisenfeld (1987, 1988) used the sand pile as a representative model of complex systems. In this collection of chapters, granular dynamics, granular flow from dilute to jammed states, dynamics of granular gas in microgravity, particle jetting induced by impulsive loadings, particle migration phenomena in embankment dams, and the grading entropy-based criteria of granular materials and filters are presented.
Recent years have witnessed a resurgence in the kinetic approach to dynamic many-body problems. Modern kinetic theory offers a unifying theoretical framework within which a great variety of seemingly unrelated systems can be explored in a coherent way. Kinetic methods are currently being applied in such areas as the dynamics of colloidal suspensions, granular material flow, electron transport in mesoscopic systems, the calculation of Lyapunov exponents and other properties of classical many-body systems characterised by chaotic behaviour. The present work focuses on Brownian motion, dynamical systems, granular flows, and quantum kinetic theory.
Covering the most recent literature in the field, with special emphasis on the physical mechanisms behind their rheological behaviour, this book demonstrates the controllability of soft matter through an external (magnetic) stimulus.
Granular or particulate materials arise in almost every aspect of our lives, including many familiar materials such as tea, coffee, sugar, sand, cement and powders. At some stage almost every industrial process involves a particulate material, and it is usually the cause of the disruption to the smooth running of the process. In the natural environment, understanding the behaviour of particulate materials is vital in many geophysical processes such as earthquakes, landslides and avalanches. This book is a collection of current research from some of the major contributors in the topic of modelling the behaviour of granular materials. Papers from every area of current activity are included, such as theoretical, numerical, engineering and computational approaches. This book illustrates the numerous diverse approaches to one of the outstanding problems of modern continuum mechanics.
Computational Physics. Selected Methods, Simple Exercises, Serious Applications is an overview written by leading researchers of a variety of fields and developments. Selected Methods introduce the reader to current fields, including molecular dynamics, hybrid Monte-Carlo algorithms, and neural networks. Simple Exercises give hands-on advice for effective program solutions from a small number of lines to demonstration programs with elaborate graphics. Serious Applications show how questions concerning, for example, aging, many-minima optimisation, or phase transitions can be treated by appropriate tools. The source code and demonstration graphics are included on a 3.5" MS-DOS diskette.
This book focuses on the impact dynamics and cratering of soft matter to describe its importance, difficulty, and wide applicability to planetary-related problems. A comprehensive introduction to the dimensional analysis and constitutive laws that are necessary to discuss impact mechanics and cratering is first provided. Then, particular coverage is given to the impact of granular matter, which is one of the most crucial constituents for geophysics. While granular matter shows both solid-like and fluid-like behaviors, neither solid nor fluid dynamics is sufficient to fully understand the physics of granular matter. In order to reveal its fundamental properties, extensive impact tests have be...