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Satisfaction with Life and Service Delivery in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union
The past two decades in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have been times of tremendous change, with countries undergoing rapid transformation from centrally-planned to market-oriented economies. While poverty increased during the initial years of transition, primarily on account of the sharp economic contraction, the resurgence of economic growth in the region since 1998 has resulted in a rebound in household incomes and living standards. Data from the 2006 Life in Transition Survey (LiTS) a joint initiative of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank provides a unique opportunity to investigate the extent to which citizens of ECA countries are satisf...
Mas'ud Sa'd Salman
None
System Identification of Stochastic Nonlinear Dynamic Systems using Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Models
Some novel approaches to estimate Nonlinear Output Error (NOE) models using TS fuzzy models for a class of nonlinear dynamic systems having variability in their outputs is presented in this dissertation. Instead of using unrealistic assumptions about uncertainty, the most common of which is normality, the proposed methodology tends to capture effects caused by the real uncertainty observed in the data. The methodology requires that the identification method must be repeated offline a number of times under similar conditions. This leads to multiple inputoutput time series from the underlying system. These time series are preprocessed using the techniques of statistics and probability theory to generate the envelopes of response at each time instant. By incorporating interval data in fuzzy modelling and using the theory of symbolic interval-valued data, a TS fuzzy model with interval antecedent and consequent parameters is obtained. The proposed identification algorithm provides for a model for predicting the center-valued response as well as envelopes as the measure of uncertainty in system output.
Well Begun but Not Yet Done
This book presents the key findings from a new poverty assessment for Vietnam, led jointly by the World Bank and the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences (VASS). It takes a fresh look at the lives of poor men, women, and children, and explores the constraints and opportunities they face today in rising out of poverty. The book aims to do three things. First, it proposes revisions to Vietnam’s poverty monitoring system—via better data, updated welfare aggregates, and new poverty lines—to bring these more in line with economic and social conditions in present-day Vietnam. Second, it revisits the stylized facts about deprivation and poverty in Vietnam, and develops an updated profile and di...
Public Works as a Safety Net
A review of the conceptual underpinnings and operational elements of public works programs around the world., drawing from a rich evidence base and analyzing previously unassimilated data, to fill a gap in knowledge related to public works programs, now so popular.
Migration States and Welfare States: Why Is America Different from Europe?
Over the last three decades, Europe's generous social benefits have encouraged a massive surge of 'welfare migration,' especially of low skilled laborers. At the same time, the US has attracted many highly skilled migrants, which in turn promotes internal innovation. Restrictions on the international mobility of labor are arguably the largest policy obstructions for the international economy today. A variety of studies suggest that even a small reduction in barriers to migration will result in the growth of significant global welfare benefits. Migration States and Welfare States focuses on a central tension faced by policy makers in countries that receive migrants from lower wage countries. Such countries are typically highly productive and rich in capital. These attributes, coupled with the host country's welfare system, attract low-skilled migrants, who find a generous welfare state particularly attractive, while deterring skilled migrants, who recognize that welfare states likely have higher redistributive taxes.
From Many Lands
Traz dados estatísticos sobre pobreza, crescimento populacional e alfabetização em vários países do terceiro mundo.
Addressing Inequality in South Asia
Inequality in South Asia appears to be moderate when looking at standard indicators such as the Gini index, which are based on consumption expenditures per capita. But other pieces of evidence reveal enormous gaps, from extravagant wealth at one end to lack of access to the most basic services at the other. Which prompts the question: How bad is inequality in South Asia? And why would that matter? This book takes a comprehensive look at the extent, nature, and drivers of inequality in this very dynamic region of the world. It discusses how some dimensions of inequality, such as high returns to investments in human capital, contribute to economic growth while others, such as high payoffs to r...
South Asia Economic Focus Fall 2014
Global recovery remains below expectations and uneven across major advanced economies. Monetary tightening in a recovering US economy and potential deflation in a weak Eurozone constitute sources of risk for developing and emerging market economies. Nonetheless, developing country growth remains fairly robust. Notably, India continues its path towards sustained and faster growth as well as macroeconomic stability thereby paving the way for a solid regional performance in South Asia. While the region s external position has been further solidified, key domestic challenges include reducing risks on the fiscal side as well as sustaining investment and export growth through structural reform and...
Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia
In a worsening global environment, economies in the Middle East and Central Asia are being buffeted by a confluence of shocks: a global slowdown, high and volatile food and energy prices, faster and stronger than expected tightening of financial conditions, and the risk of fragmentation. The region’s emerging market and middle-income economies (EM&MIs) and low-income countries (LICs) are hit hard, with many facing curtailed access to market financing, while oil-exporting countries are being buffered by still-high energy prices. The adverse impact of Russia’s war in Ukraine on the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) has thus far been milder than expected. Still, the CCA’s strong ties to Rus...
