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This book is dedicated to new and important research in the field of phytochemistry which is in the strict sense of the word the study of phytochemicals. These are chemicals derived from plants. In a narrower sense the terms are often used to describe the large number of secondary metabolic compounds found in plants. Many of these are known to provide protection against insect attacks and plant diseases. They also exhibit a number of protective functions for human consumers. Techniques commonly used in the field of phytochemistry are extraction, isolation and structural elucidation (MS,1Dand 2D NMR) of natural products, as well as various chromatography techniques (MPLC, HPLC, LC-MS).
In this book the author presents a general formalism of nonequilibrium thermodynamics with complex information flows induced by interactions among multiple fluctuating systems. The author has generalized stochastic thermodynamics with information by using a graphical theory. Characterizing nonequilibrium dynamics by causal networks, he has obtained a novel generalization of the second law of thermodynamics with information that is applicable to quite a broad class of stochastic dynamics such as information transfer between multiple Brownian particles, an autonomous biochemical reaction, and complex dynamics with a time-delayed feedback control. This study can produce further progress in the study of Maxwell’s demon for special cases. As an application to these results, information transmission and thermodynamic dissipation in biochemical signal transduction are discussed. The findings presented here can open up a novel biophysical approach to understanding information processing in living systems.
This book describes the photooxidation and autoxidation of the lipid components of phototrophic organisms. These two processes, which act intensively during the senescence of phototrophs, have been relatively neglected in the relevant literature. The text details the mechanisms involved in type-II photosensitized oxidation and free radical oxidation (autoxidation) of the main unsaturated lipids, with a close focus on the specificity of the oxidation products formed and their potential to serve as tracers of these processes. It then discusses the effects of temperature and solar irradiance on the efficiency of type-II photooxidation processes, and looks at the possibility of photooxidative damage transferring into non-phototrophic material. The book ends with a detailed description of potential interactions between biotic and abiotic degradation processes, which, although very complex, must absolutely be factored in when studying the fate of organic matter in the environment.
The Fukushima disaster continues to appear in national newspapers when there is another leakage of radiation-contaminated water, evacuation designations are changed, or major compensation issues arise and so remains far from over. However, after five years, attention and research towards the disaster seems to have waned despite the extent and significance of the disaster that remains. The aftermath of Fukushima exposed a number of shortcomings in nuclear energy policy and disaster preparedness. This book gives an account of the municipal responses, citizen’s responses, and coping attempts, before, during, and after the Fukushima crisis. It focuses on the background of the Fukushima disaster, from the Tohoku earthquake to diffusion on radioactive material and risk miscommunication. It explores the processes and politics of radiation contamination, and the conditions and challenges that the disaster evacuees have faced, reflecting on the evacuation process, evacuation zoning, and hope in a post-Fukushima environment. The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of disaster management studies and nuclear policy.
Rudolf Weinsheimer, cellist and member of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra for 40 years under Herbert von Karajan and Claudio Abbado, is also known as the founder of the Ensemble of the 12 Cellists of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. He organ-ized worldwide tours for his orchestra and the 12 Cellists and was instrumental in encouraging world-renowned composers like Boris Blacher, Arvo Pärt or Iannis Xenakis to write new music for the Ensemble of the 12 Cellists. In this biography, he tells his life story, the story of a passionate and talented young man who, as a wartime child growing up in Wiesbaden, has to learn how to survive the dismal and sometimes cruel times, without losing track ...
This book presents the fundamentals of stochastic thermodynamics, one of the most central subjects in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. It also explores many recent advances, e.g., in information thermodynamics, the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, and the trade-off relation between efficiency and power. The content is divided into three main parts, the first of which introduces readers to fundamental topics in stochastic thermodynamics, e.g., the basics of stochastic processes, the fluctuation theorem and its variants, information thermodynamics, and large deviation theory. In turn, parts two and three explore advanced topics such as autonomous engines (engines not controlled extern...