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Logic Versus Approximation
Nowadays knowledge-based systems research and development essentially employs two paradigms of reasoning. There are on the one hand the logic-based approaches where logic is to be understood in a rather broad sense; usually these approaches are used in symbolic domains where numerical calculations are not the core challenge. On the other hand we find approximation oriented reasoning; methods of these kinds are mainly applied in numerical domains where approximation is part of the scientific methodology itself. However, from an abstract level all these approaches do focus on similar topics and arise on various levels such as problem modeling, inference and problem solving techniques, algorithms and mathematical methods, mathematical relations between discrete and continuous properties, and are integrated in tools and applications. In accordance with the unifying vision and research interest of Michael M. Richter and in correspondence to his scientific work, this book presents 13 revised full papers advocating the integration of logic-based and approximation-oriented approaches in knowledge processing.
Advances in Learning Software Organizations
Software-intensive organizations cannot help but learn. A software organization that does not learn will not exist for long, because the software market is continuously on the move,because of new customerdemandsand needs, and becauseof new competitor products and services. Software organizationsmust adapt quickly to this ever-changing environment, and the capability to adapt is one of the most important aspects of lea- ing. Smart organizations will attempt to predict future software demands, and develop a corresponding knowledge road map that identi?es the capabilities needed over time in order to meet these demands. Organizational learning typically occurs when experienced organization memb...
