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Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in International Economic Law
International economic law, with its traditional focus on large multinational enterprises, is only slowly waking up to the new reality of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In the wake of the digital revolution, smaller companies now play an important role in the economic landscape. In 2015 the UN expressly called for SMEs to have greater access to international trade and investment, and it is increasingly recognized that the integration of SMEs provides one of the keys to creating a more sustainable and inclusive global economy. As 'born global' SMEs increasingly permeate transnational supply chains, so interactions between these companies and legal policy makers proliferate. Small ...
Towards Consistency in International Investment Jurisprudence
Investor-State arbitration is currently a much-debated topic, both within the legal community and in the public at large. In Towards Consistency in International Investment Jurisprudence, Katharina Diel-Gligor addresses the alleged proliferation of inconsistent decision-making in this field – one of the main points of concern raised in the ongoing discussions. After exploring whether such criticism is appropriate at all, she goes on to examine the different causes, forms, and manifestations of the inconsistencies that exist through a detailed analysis of ICSID arbitration. The author then canvasses possible approaches to reform and concludes that an ICSID preliminary ruling system – the practicalities of which are set out in the study – is a suitable means for enhancing consistency in investment arbitration and moving towards a jurisprudence constante.
Ownership Unbundling and Related Measures in the EU Energy Sector
This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of unbundling and, in particular, ownership unbundling policies from the perspective of international economic law. It does so by focusing on the prominent example of the EU’s energy sector and its Third Energy Package. Unbundling has become an increasingly crucial competition instrument in network-bound industries worldwide. It is designed to ensure access to bottleneck infrastructures on fair and non-discriminatory terms and thus to suppress the anti-competitive potential deriving from vertical integration in natural monopoly situations. While promoting important public policy objectives, unbundling policies have also raised a number of legal issues. This book analyzes how international economic law limits the adoption and maintenance of unbundling and related measures and also outlines how international trade law can play a ‘positive’ role in this field. As a result, it provides a valuable reference for academics, practitioners and policy-makers.
Energy Dependence and Supply Security
Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine administered an unprecedented shock to the European and global energy markets, triggering emergency interventions and market reforms to limit the impact of the crisis on energy prices and supply security. More fundamentally, the supply shock sparked a profound reappraisal of foreign supply and infrastructure dependencies (for example, on China), leading states to adopt new legal initiatives to strengthen the resilience of their clean energy supply chains. Energy geopolitics and supply security are now firmly back at the centre of global energy policy, and in this new geopolitical reality, we critically need to reassess the role of energy law in the creation ...
Energy Security along the New Silk Road
Guaranteeing energy security is one of the most complex challenges of energy law and policy. Energy insecurity threatens economic development, social peace and stability. This book focuses on energy security in the strategically important region of Central Asia. The region holds huge energy reserves, but its energy systems are highly inefficient and unreliable, and thus require urgent reform. However, endemic corruption, discrimination and the strong centralization of power have so far blocked initiatives to reorganize energy supply. The case of Central Asia is uniquely relevant for understanding the informal constraints on energy law and policy. In addition, Central Asian energy insecurity illustrates the impact of geopolitics on the regulation of energy markets. The region is strategically located in Russia's sphere of influence and along China's New Silk Road. Its energy situation highlights the complex interactions amongst energy law, geopolitics and institutions.
Die Bundeswehr als Instrument deutscher Außenpolitik
Warum ist die Bundeswehr immer noch kein „normales“ Instrument der Außenpolitik – trotz der dritten grundlegenden Reform in knapp 20 Jahren? Die Antwort gibt das Buch von Ulf von Krause, Generalleutnant a.D., promovierter Politikwissenschaftler und Ökonom: über Jahrzehnte ver- bzw. behinderten die bei Gründung der Bundeswehr zur „Einhegung“ der neuen Streitkräfte gesetzten Strukturmerkmale sowie eine verbreitete gesellschaftliche Ablehnung des Militärischen die Anpassung an das erweiterte Aufgabenspektrum nach Ende des Ost-West-Konflikts. Der Autor zeichnet den mühsamen Prozess der Überwindung juristischer, politischer und historischer Hindernisse für eine „normale“ Nutzung von Militär als Instrument der Außenpolitik nach und beschreibt, wie Positionen in Politik und Gesellschaft – innenpolitische Ziele, Vertuschen des Gewaltpotentials von Militär, Zivilmachtdenken und Defizite in der Definition deutscher Interessen – tendenziell auf Kosten von Einsatzbereitschaft und Kampfkraftder Streitkräfte gingen.
International Protection of Investments
This book outlines the protection standards typically contained in international investment agreements as they are actually applied and interpreted by investment tribunals. It thus provides a basis for analysis, criticism, and stocktaking of the existing system of investment arbitration. It covers all main protection standards, such as expropriation, fair and equitable treatment, full protection and security, the non-discrimination standards of national treatment and MFN, the prohibition of unreasonable and discriminatory measures, umbrella clauses and transfer guarantees. These standards are covered in separate chapters providing an overview of textual variations, explaining the origin of the standards and analysing the main conceptual issues as developed by investment tribunals. Relevant cases with quotations that illustrate how tribunals have relied upon the standards are presented in depth. An extensive bibliography guides the reader to more specific aspects of each investment standard permitting the book's use as a commentary of the main investment protection standards.
Europäisches Sektorales Wirtschaftsrecht
Die Idee der Europäischen Wirtschaftsintegration verwirklicht sich in den verschiedenen Sektoren des öffentlichen wie privaten Wirtschaftsrechts. Die prinzipielle Prägung dieses Rechts durch Grundfreiheiten und Grundrechte wird vertieft und überformt durch europäisches Sekundärrecht, das einerseits die Prägung fortzuschreiben sucht, andererseits aber auch politische Wertungen transportiert - jeweils mit enormen Auswirkungen auf das nationale Recht. Die 2. Auflage liefert auf neuestem Stand die notwendige Detailanalyse der einzelnen Regelungssektoren, zeigt Defizite auf und gibt Handlungs- und Beratungssicherheit für die Beurteilung nationaler Fallkonstellationen vor dem Hintergrund d...
State Sovereignty and International Criminal Law
'State sovereignty' is often referred to as an obstacle to criminal justice for core international crimes by members of the international criminal justice movement. The exercise of State sovereignty is seen as a shield against effective implementation of such crimes. But it is sovereign States that create and become parties to international criminal law treaties and jurisdictions. They are the principal enforcers of criminal responsibility for international crimes, as reaffirmed by the complementarity principle on which the International Criminal Court (ICC) is based. Criminal justice for atrocities depends entirely on the ability of States to act. This volume revisits the relationship betwe...
