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Poverty and Ethnicity
Roma are a unique minority in Europe, and with current estimates of between seven and nine million living throughout the continent, they represent the largest minority group. They are the main poverty risk group in many countries of central and eastern Europe, yet there is little information available on their living conditions. This paper analyses data from a new cross-country household survey, conducted by the Center for Comparative Research at Yale University, into the ethnic dimension of poverty in Roma communities in Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania. Findings describe the multidimensional nature of Roma poverty, both in terms of consumption and income, as well as other deprivation measures such as housing and health status, access to education and employment opportunities. Significant structural factors are identified which reflect past and present discrimination. Whilst specific policies need to be formulated at the country level, the report also seeks to highlight common policy options among national governments, Roma communities, non-governmental organisations and international agencies.
China Live
A unique insider's view of the most important forces shaping our era--the rise of global satellite news and the rise of China.
Czech Republic
This report contains the most significant elements of intergovernmental fiscal relations in the Czech Republic including administrative structure, expenditure and revenue assignments, fiscal imbalances and transfers, access to borrowing and indebtedness, and budgeting. Although each of these elements is discussed in its own chapter, it is important to remember that they are interrelated and that reform design needs to be conducted in a coordinated manner.
Measurement and Meaning
This yearÂ's Global Economic Prospects argues for reshaping the global architecture of world trade to promote development and poverty reduction. The report focuses on four policy areas: -Using the WTO ministerial to launch a Â"development roundÂ" of trade negotiations that would reduce global trade barriers. -Engaging in global collective action to promote trade outside the negotiating framework of the WTO. -Adopting pro-trade development policies of high-income countries unilaterally. -Enacting new trade reform in developing countries. The report contends that the policies recommended in these four areas would reshape the global trade architecture in a way that would enhance the prospect...
Legitimacy of China’s Counter-Terrorism Approach
This book examines how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has sought to legitimise its counter-terrorism strategy in the eyes of its domestic and international audiences. An important element of CCP policy in Xinjiang has been the deployment of ordinary Chinese citizens, or the 'mass line,’ to create new realities on the ground. This book explores how the history of ideological struggle in the PRC has taken on new characteristics, as well as offering insight into how the CCP has maintained legitimacy in the eyes of its population, even as it pursues policies which are internationally controversial, shedding light on the past and future of the behaviour of the Chinese state, a subject of interest to China scholars, scholars of the Belt and Road, and counter-terrorism experts.
Institutional Reform for Irrigation and Drainage
If sustainable management of tropical forests is to be accomplished and deforestation brought under control, the on-the-ground performance of existing forest concessions, along with the allocation of new concessions, will have to be strengthened. This study examines the failures of forest concessions and the loss of tropical forests due to mismanagement during the last two decades. It also emphasizes the potential gains resulting from strengthening the allocation, management, and supervision of concessions by concentrating on improving procedures, introducing performance incentives, and monitoring key performance elements
Attacking Extreme Poverty
..this book...gives us a history lesson and a guide on how to build commercial finance that fits the needs of the world's poorest majority. Policy makers, finance leaders, and anyone who wants to join this revolution in banking must read this book. Around the world, a revolution is occurring in finance for low-income people. The microfinance revolution is delivering financial services to the economically active poor on a large scale through competing, financially self-sufficient institutions. In a few countries this has already happened; in others it is under way. The emerging microfinance industry has profound implications for social and economic development. For the first time in history, ...
Structural Reforms in Southeastern Europe Since the Kosovo Conflict
This study examines the progress made by the countries of south-east Europe (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Romania, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) towards implementing structural economic reforms in the three years since the end of the Kosovo conflict, as well as considering the challenges that lie ahead. It discusses four key areas of reform: strengthening public finances and fighting corruption; creating a liberal trade environment; encouraging foreign investment; and fostering the growth of private markets.
Rechtsfragen der ökologischen Stadterneuerung
Vor dem Hintergrund des bereits stattfindenden Klimawandels ist der Klimaschutz eine der zentralen Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhunderts. Auch die Stadtentwicklung kann über die Schaffung der Voraussetzungen zur Erzeugung und Verwendung erneuerbarer Energien sowie zur Energieeffizienz einen Beitrag zur Reduzierung des CO2-Ausstoßes und damit zum Klimaschutz leisten. Klimaschutz und Energieeffizienz in der Stadtentwicklung können über verschiedene planerische Instrumente, wie Bauleitpläne oder durch städtebauliche Verträge erreicht werden. Daneben bestehen die Regelungen des Energiefachrechts, welche sich dynamisch weiterentwickeln. In Verbindung mit den bereits vorhandenen planungsrechtlichen Instrumenten und Regelungsmöglichkeiten wird geprüft, wie sich diese fachgesetzlichen Anforderungen auf das Städtebaurecht auswirken und welche Notwendigkeiten bzw. Potenziale zur Weiterentwicklung im Sinne einer ökologischen Stadtentwicklung bestehen.
