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Previous edition, 1st, published in 1988.
Aramaic is a constant thread running through the various civilizations of the Near East, ancient and modern, from 1000 BCE to the present, and has been the language of small principalities, world empires, and a fair share of the Jewish-Christian tradition. Holger Gzella describes its cultural and linguistic history as a continuous evolution from its beginnings to the advent of Islam. For the first time the individual phases of the language, their socio-historical underpinnings, and the textual sources are discussed comprehensively in light of the latest linguistic and historical research and with ample attention to scribal traditions, multilingualism, and language as a marker of cultural self-awareness. Many new observations on Aramaic are thereby integrated into a coherent historical framework.
The Bio-bibliographical Index by Profession is a unique index of visual artists from all over the world and throughout all ages. It provides the user with access to the Allgemeines Ku nstlerlexikon (AKL), which, on completion, will contain more than 500,000 biographies on artists and provide an overview of artistic activity. Several hundred artistic professions are included here, from architects to etchers, from sculptors to body-arts. The basis for the biographical entries are over 200 major international encyclopedia of artists with a total of some 500 volumes, whose data, including source references, are indexed by the Bio-bibliographical Index by Profession in a clearly structured manner...
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Language contact occurs when speakers of different languages interact and their languages influence one another. Drawing on the author's own first-hand observations of child and adult bilingualism, this book combines his original research with an up-to-date introduction to key concepts, to provide a holistic, original theory of contact linguistics. Going beyond a descriptive outline of contact phenomena, it introduces a theory of contact-induced language change, linking structural change to motivations in discourse and language processing. Since the first edition was published, the field has rapidly grown, and this fully revised edition covers all of the most recent developments, making it an invaluable resource for researchers and advanced students in linguistics.
Fully revised for its seventh edition, this comprehensive and detailed reference contains entries on major artists of the last seven centuries; short biographies of over 1,200 artists; descriptions of artistic techniques and styles; definitions of artistic movements; and much more. An indispensable source of information for both artists and those interested in the arts in general. Copyright © Libri GmbH. All rights reserved.
Here is a brilliantly accessible chronicle of the greatest monuments created by mankind, told by fourteen of the most distinguished architectural historians and beautifully illustrated with more than 800 original diagrams, annotated drawings, and photographs—both a browser's delight and a superb reference tool.