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Towards a better understanding of how medicines are used in society Drug Utilization Research (DUR) is a discipline which combines aspects of pharmacotherapy, epidemiology, and health services research into an interdisciplinary set of methods for analyzing and assessing the prescribing, dispensing and consumption of medicines. It combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches to facilitate the safe and effective use of pharmaceuticals. Drug Utilization Research: Methods and Applications provides a comprehensive introduction to this discipline, prepared by an international team of authors with broad experience in numerous fields. Now reorganized and updated to reflect the latest resear...
In 2015 the World Health Assembly endorsed the Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance calling on countries to develop and implement national action plans on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). For most countries, the greatest challenge is not developing a national action plan; rather, it is the implementation of the plan based on evidence-based prioritization of activities, systematic monitoring of progress, and ensuring sustainability of efforts. The purpose of this publication is to to provide a practical, stepwise approach to the implementation of the national action plan on AMR within the human health sector; and to provide a process and collation of existing WHO tools to prioritize,...
The Strategic and Technical Advisory Group on Antimicrobial Resistance provides advice and recommendations to the WHO Director-General on the overall global policies and strategies to address AMR within the context of human health. This report contains the considerations and recommendations made by the Group at its first meeting, 22-24 June 2021.
The WHO 2022 report from the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) marks the end of the first 5 years of early implementation. The report summarizes 2020 data from 87 countries on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria that cause disease in humans, analyses the 2021 AMR rates in the context of the testing coverage of national surveillance, and provides data on antimicrobial consumption (AMC) in humans from 27 countries. For the first time, data are presented in an interactive digital format, with more comprehensive content on the WHO website.
This document outlines the concept and content of the WHO people-centred approach to addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the human health sector. The proposed approach recognizes and aims to address the challenges and health system barriers people face when accessing health services to prevent, diagnose and treat (drug-resistant) infections. It puts people and their needs at the centre of the AMR response and guides policy-makers in taking programmatic and comprehensive actions to mitigate AMR in line with a proposed package of core interventions. These interventions are based on a review of four pillars and two foundational steps that are critical to overcome barriers faced by peop...
The Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations works towards clear independent and practical standards and guidelines for the quality assurance of medicines. Standards are developed by the Committee through worldwide consultation and an international consensusbuilding process. The following new guidelines were adopted and recommended for use: Procedure for development of the WHO medicines quality assurance guidelines; Guidelines on Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) for heating ventilation and air-conditioning systems (HVAC) ? illustrative part; Guidance on GMP for Validation including the general main text analytical procedure validation validation of computerized sy...
The GLASS Report 2021 highlights the new GLASS technical module on antimicrobial consumption surveillance, GLASS-AMC, and summarizes the results of the 2020 AMR and AMC data calls. It also describes the status of development of GLASS activities and WHO AMR-related activities globally and regionally.
Providing an in-depth look at the lives of women and girls in approximately 150 countries, this multivolume reference set offers readers transnational and postcolonial analysis of the many issues that are critical to the success of women and girls. For millennia, women around the world have shouldered the responsibility of caring for their families. But in recent decades, women have emerged as a major part of the global workforce, balancing careers and family life. How did this change happen? And how are societies in developing countries responding and adapting to women's newer roles in society? This four-volume encyclopedia examines the lives of women around the world, with coverage that in...
The WHO Policy Guidance on Integrated Antimicrobial Stewardship Activities was developed after global consultations and is anchored in public health guiding principles in the human health sector.