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Whether the writers in this period described the war, the Great Terror, the gulag experience, exile, repression, or simply everyday life in the city or in the country, they generally turned to a "major theme of Russian literature since the Revolution the fate of the individual human being in a mass state." In the literature often the state won, due to its power; at other times individuals triumphed, because of their moral convictions. The same can be said of these writers.
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This book focuses on Biopreparat, the Soviet agency created in 1974, which spearheaded the largest and most sophisticated biological warfare programme the world has ever seen. At its height, Biopreparat employed more than 30,000 personnel and incorporated an enormous network embracing military-focused research institutes, design centres, biowarfare pilot facilities and dual-use production plants. The secret network pursued major offensive R&D programmes, which sought to use genetic engineering techniques to create microbial strains resistant to antibiotics and with wholly new and unexpected pathogenic properties. During the mid-1980s, Biopreparat increased in size and political importance and also emerged as a major civil biopharmaceutical player in the USSR. In the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, an acute struggle for control of Biopreparat’s most valuable assets took place and the network was eventually broken-up and control of its facilities transferred to a myriad of state agencies and private companies.
Includes entries for maps and atlases.