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Treating Autism with Bumetanide
In spite of its high incidence, extensive media coverage and major clinical burden to families, there is not a single approved European or American drug treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). The dominant genetic and psychiatric approaches to treat ASDs have various limitations, suggesting that a novel global approach to understand and treat ASDs is warranted. Based on the authors’ converged expertise on brain development, ASD treatment and brain imaging, this book provides a fresh view of the disorder which is validated by experimental imaging and large clinical trials, culminating in the first large phase 3 final pediatric trial (on 400 children in EU countries and the US) using ...
Excitatory Amino Acids and Epilepsy
Human epilepsy is a major public health problem affecting approximately 2 persons per 1000. It is particularly frequent in ohildren where convul sions may lead to brain damage and subsequent seizure activity in adulthood. Temporal lobe epilepsy (synonyms include limbic epilepsy. psychomotor epilepsy and complex partial epilepsy) is the most devastating form of epilepsy in the adult population since: a) it is often extremely resistant to currently available anticonvulsant drugs (i.e •• it is more resistant than tonico-clonic or grand mal seizures) and b) it includes loss of consciousness. thereby limiting performance of many normal functions and leaving the individual susceptible to bodil...
Excitatory Amino Acids and Neuronal Plasticity
Proceedings of the European Neuroscience Association Satellite Symposium held in Fillerval, France, August 27-31, 1989
GABA signaling in health and disease
GABAergic neurons provide most of the inhibitory drive of adult networks and play major roles in the integrative properties of brain networks. Alterations of GABAergic signals are associated with major neurological disorders and GABA mimetic drugs are widely used as comfort molecules and to treat several brain disorders. Thus, the inhibitory drive is altered in epilepsies, infantile developmentally related disorders but also Parkinson disease, and anoxo-ischemic insults to just name a few. From the developmental stand point, GABAergic neurons mature before principal neurons and provide an important source of early activities and are thus instrumental in activity dependent modulation of the c...
Pediatric Neurology Part I
Cortical maturation is associated with a series of developmental programs encompassing neuronal and network-driven patterns. Thus, voltage-gated and synapse-driven ionic currents are very different in immature and adult neurons with slower kinetics in the former than in the latter. These features are neuron and developmental stage dependent. GABA, which is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in adult brain, depolarizes and excites immature neurons and its actions are thought to exert a trophic role in developmental processes. Networks follow a parallel sequence with voltage-gated calcium currents followed by calcium plateaux and synapse-driven patterns in vitro. In vivo, early activity exhibits discontinuous temporal organization with alternating bursts. Early cortical patterns are driven by sensory input from the periphery providing a basis for activity-dependent modulation of the cortical networks formation. These features and notably the excitatory GABA underlie the high susceptibility of immature neurons to seizures. Alterations of these sequences play a central role in developmental malformations, notably migration disorders and associated neurological sequelae.
Les 1000 premiers jours
Découvrez l’histoire du cerveau pendant les 270 jours de la grossesse et les deux premières années de vie. Une période cruciale pour préparer la santé du futur enfant et son épanouissement. À condition d’avoir les bonnes informations. Contrairement à ce que l’on croit, l’autisme, les épilepsies infantiles et de nombreuses maladies neurologiques et psychiatriques sont générées par notre cerveau avant l’âge de deux ans. Le neurobiologiste Yehezkel Ben-Ari raconte l'influence de la mère sur la construction du cerveau de l'enfant, et donne des clefs pour détecter et donc mieux prévenir certains troubles. Il dévoile également l’importance du moment de l’accouchement, le rôle de « l’hormone de l’amour » et le pouvoir du lien d'attachement mère-enfant. L’occasion aussi de rentrer dans la tête d’un grand chercheur, guidé par le sens de l’engagement et un puissant esprit anticonformiste, essentiel pour innover en science. Grossesse, naissance et les deux premières années : une période clef pour préparer à la vie.
