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This open access book presents the novel concept of plaston, which accounts for the high ductility or large plastic deformation of emerging high-performance structural materials, including bulk nanostructured metals, hetero-nanostructured materials, metallic glasses, intermetallics, and ceramics. The book describes simulation results of the collective atomic motion associated with plaston, by computational tools such as first-principle methods with predictive performance and large-scale atom-dynamics calculations. Multi-scale analyses with state-of-the art analytical tools nano/micro pillar deformation and nano-indentation experiments are also described. Finally, through collaborative efforts of experimental and computational work, examples of rational design and development of new structural materials are given, based on accurate understanding of deformation and fracture phenomena. This publication provides a valuable contribution to the field of structural materials research.
This volume contains over 70 papers on advanced research and development of processing, mechanical properties and mechanics of ceramics and composites from the proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 22-27, 2006, in Cocoa Beach, Florida. The conference was organized and sponsored by The American Ceramic Society and The American Ceramic Society's Engineering Ceramics Division in conjunction with the Nuclear and Environmental Technology Division. It covers underlying fundamental links between microstructure and properties, and the ability to achieve desired multifunctional properties through innovative processing techniques.
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Discovered by Edward G. Acheson about 1890, silicon carbide is one of the oldest materials and also a new material. It occurs naturally in meteorites, but in very small amounts and is not in a useable state as an industrial material. For industrial require ments, large amounts of silicon carbide must be synthesized by solid state reactions at high temperatures. Silicon carbide has been used for grinding and as an abrasive material since its discovery. During World War II, silicon carbide was used as a heating element; however, it was difficult to obtain high density sintered silicon carbide bodies. In 1974, S. Prochazka reported that the addition of small amounts of boron compounds and carbide were effective in the sintering process to obtain high density. It was then possible to produce high density sintered bodies by pressureless sintering methods in ordinary atmosphere. Since this development, silicon carbide has received great attention as one of the high temperature structural ceramic materials. Since the 1970s, many research papers have appeared which report studies of silicon carbide and silicon nitride for structural ceramics.
Scanning transmission electron microscopy has become a mainstream technique for imaging and analysis at atomic resolution and sensitivity, and the authors of this book are widely credited with bringing the field to its present popularity. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy(STEM): Imaging and Analysis will provide a comprehensive explanation of the theory and practice of STEM from introductory to advanced levels, covering the instrument, image formation and scattering theory, and definition and measurement of resolution for both imaging and analysis. The authors will present examples of the use of combined imaging and spectroscopy for solving materials problems in a variety of fields, including condensed matter physics, materials science, catalysis, biology, and nanoscience. Therefore this will be a comprehensive reference for those working in applied fields wishing to use the technique, for graduate students learning microscopy for the first time, and for specialists in other fields of microscopy.
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Nucleation of Minerals: Precursors, Intermediates and Their Use in Materials Chemistry" that was published in Minerals
Since the discovery of superconductivity with trans1tton temperatures above 77 K, concentrated research activities toward the exploration of practical applica tions of these materials have been carried out. Currently, a remarkable improve ment in superconducting properties has been achieved due to the fine optimization of fabrication processes, and this has attracted industrial interest for future applications. In the case of NdBa Cu 0 materials, a new pinning mecha 2 3 7 nism was found which enhances the critical current under applied magnetic fields. In single crystals of these materials, oxygen control results in an increase in the growth rate. The metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (...
This book explores the synthesis, characterization, and applications of graphene and its derivatives. It covers advancements in improving graphene quality, surface engineering methods, and increasing material functionality. The topics covered include functionalized graphene, graphene quantum dots, novel device fabrication approaches, and diverse applications. The book also investigates the fundamental principles of characterizing graphene and its derivatives, along with electronic structures, theoretical investigations, and computational analyses relevant to their applications, synthesis, and properties. The chapters are organized to cover these topics, starting with a general overview of surface chemistry and its concepts for surface engineering of graphene, the fundamental properties of graphene and its derivatives, their synthesis, and applications in numerous fields, and concludes with a future perspective. Significantly, for the first time, both industrial and medical applications are gathered in one book, enabling us to discuss the confrontation of medical and industrial applications of graphene and graphene quantum dots.