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New treatment perspectives in autism spectrum disorders
Developing novel and more effective treatments that improve quality of life for individuals with autism spectrum disorders is urgently needed. To date a wide range of behavioral interventions have been shown to be safe and effective for improving language and cognition and adaptive behavior in children and adolescents with ASD. However many people with ASD can receive additional benefit from targeted pharmacological interventions. One of the major drawback in setting up therapeutics intervention is the remarkable individual differences found across individuals with ASD. As a matter of fact the medications that are currently available address only symptoms associated with ASD and not the core...
Autism Spectrum Disorders: Developmental Trajectories, Neurobiological Basis, Treatment Update
This Research Topic has the aim to fill the gap of the many unresolved scientific issues on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) that are still in need of investigation, Targeted treatments based on the understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of disease are still lacking. Further research is awaited and should be obtained through a significant effort on experimental treatment trials and neuroscience research. This Topic is divided in two main sections, one covering clinical issues and another on basic neurosciences of Autism Spectrum Disorders. A more detailed description of the contents of the articles is provided in the editorial at the beginning of the issue.
Dopamine Receptor Subtypes
Multiple subtypes of dopamine receptors exist in the brain. This volume reviews the characteristics of D-1, D-2, D-3 and D-4 receptors and describes the current concepts of their involvement in motor disorders and in the control of schizophrenia. Readers: the book will be of great interest to professionals in pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, neuroscience, cell biology and therapeutic applications in clinical medicine as antipsychotics, anti-Parkinson's disease and related areas.
Neuronal mechanisms of epileptogenesis
Several types of brain injuries are causes of acquired temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The seizure-free "latent period" that often follows the brain injury is of unknown mechanistic significance but is commonly considered as the "epileptogenic" period characterized by gradual pathogenic processes leading to the onset of clinically detectable epilepsy. Acute convulsive status epilepticus (SE) is often associated with an adverse developmental outcome characterized by learning disabilities related to the cumulative effects of seizures and development of TLE. The symptomatic manifestations of TLE appear only after a widespread irreversible damage of entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus, the brain ar...
Genetics of Epilepsy and Genetic Epilepsies
This volume provides updated information on epilepsy genes, on the clinical picture of genetic epilepsies discovered so far, and on conceptual advances in the complicated area of genotype-phenotype correlations. Recent studies on monogenic epilepsies present new insights into mechanisms whereby a mutation of a single gene, coding for an ion channel, can result in a complex epileptic phenotype. The analysis of genetically-determined epileptogenic dysplasia is advancing our understanding of the role of genes in controlling normal and pathological brain development. The pathogenic mechanisms by which gene mutations determine progressive myoclonus epilepsies offer critical opportunities to understand the role of genetic factors in neurodegenerative phenome-na associated with an even broader range of progressive epilepsy types. The specialists who have contributed to this book are outstanding international experts in their respective fields, ensuring first and foremost that the reviews are of relevance to clinicians dealing with epilepsy in their daily practice, as well as providing the highest quality scientific information for biomedical research.
Neuronal cell signaling and behavior
Learning and memory functions as well as many neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, drug addiction and schizophrenia are caused by dysregulation of cell signaling mechanisms in the brain. This issue of Frontiers will provide evidence for signal transduction alterations implicated in cognitive and non cognitive behaviors, as investigated by means of pharmacological and genetic approaches. Specialists in the field will be invited to contribute articles covering the impact on behavior of manipulations of neurotransmitter systems, intracellular signaling cascades and gene expression.
Autism
The book covers some of the key research developments in autism and brings together the current state of evidence on the neurobiologic understanding of this intriguing disorder. The pathogenetic mechanisms are explored by contributors from diverse perspectives including genetics, neuroimaging, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neuroimmunology, neuroendocrinology, functional organization of the brain and clinical applications from the role of diet to vaccines. It is hoped that understanding these interconnected neurobiological systems, the programming of which is genetically modulated during neurodevelopment and mediated through a range of neuropeptides and interacting neurotrans...
New mechanisms and therapeutics in neurodevelopmental disorders
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are severe, heritable conditions characterized by impaired brain development and disability in cognition, social interaction and behavior. Genetic predisposition appears to interact with environmental factors to produce the onset of the disease. In the last decade genomic analysis on NDDs advanced the knowledge of the genetic causes of these disorders: most of the genes identified were not predicted from known biology, and almost all of them engage in neurodevelopmental processes. However, the same studies revealed an unexpected outcome regarding the molecular etiology: many of the same susceptibility genes as well as molecular pathways are emerging across...
Cerebral Plasticity
A survey of the latest research, covering such topics as plasticity in the adult brain and the underlying mechanisms of plasticity. The notion that neurons in the living brain can change in response to experience—a phenomenon known as "plasticity"—has become a major conceptual issue in neuroscience research as well as a practical focus for the fields of neural rehabilitation and neurodegenerative disease. Early work dealt with the plasticity of the developing brain and demonstrated the critical role played by sensory experience in normal development. Two broader themes have emerged in recent studies: the plasticity of the adult brain (one of the most rapidly developing areas of current r...
