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In plant cells, the plasma membrane is a highly elaborated structure that functions as the point of exchange with adjoining cells, cell walls and the external environment. Transactions at the plasma membrane include uptake of water and essential mineral nutrients, gas exchange, movement of metabolites, transport and perception of signaling molecules, and initial responses to external biota. Selective transporters control the rates and direction of small molecule movement across the membrane barrier and manipulate the turgor that maintains plant form and drives plant cell expansion. The plasma membrane provides an environment in which molecular and macromolecular interactions are enhanced by ...
In the past decade, many plant genomes have been completely sequenced ranging from unicellular alga to trees. This rich resource of information raises questions like: How did specific transporters evolve as early plants adapted to dry land? How did the evolution of transporters in monocot plants differ from that in dicots? What are the functional orthologs in food and energy crops of transporters characterized in model plants? How do we name the new genes/proteins? Phylogenetic analyses of transport proteins will shed light on these questions and potentially reveal novel insights for future studies to understand plant nutrition, stress tolerance, biomass production, signaling and development.
Membrane proteins are essential determinants of many biological processes in plants. They function in metabolic processes, signal transduction, transport of small molecules and polymers across endo- and plasma membranes, and intercompartmental trafficking of proteins, lipids, and cell wall components. During these integrative processes, dynamic interactions of membrane proteins with other membrane or soluble components are thought to provide a high degree of flexibility that usually characterizes higher plants. This concept is supported by the recent release of a first, partial Arabidopsis interactome by the Arabidopsis Interactome Mapping Consortium (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6042/601.full.htm). The Arabidopsis interactome reveals a strong enrichment of a few network communities, including those for transmembrane transport and vesicle trafficking. Strikingly, the large transmembrane transport community shares a high amount of proteins with the vesicle trafficking community suggesting a strong physical and functional overlap and interaction.
This book is an up-to-date reference on phosphorus nutrition in plants. Phosphorus has no substitute in food production, and the use of phosphate (Pi) fertilisers has increased crop yields to feed billions of people. This book covers phosphorus metabolism and phosphorus sensing molecular mechanisms and signalling in plants. It covers functions of phosphorus and crosstalk with other nutrients. It discusses how plants sense Pi deficiency and coordinate the responses via signalling pathways and networks for the regulation of Pi-deficiency responses. FEATURES Discusses the latest developments in phosphate management in plants Provides insights on emerging topics for sustainable approaches to managing phosphate shortage Throws light on the resilience of plants to phosphate deficiency Provides extensive updates that serve as primary points for further research Explains molecular and physiological mechanisms of phosphate transport This book compiles the latest research from experts in the field. It is useful for advanced graduates and researchers in plant sciences and agriculture.
Novel Phytopharmaceutical for Management of Disorders covers recent advances surrounding phytopharmaceuticals and their potential uses in the management of several disorders as well as in cosmetic benefits. Sections cover the concepts of phytopharmaceuticals and current highlights in disease management. This book also emphasizes phytopharmaceutical drug delivery studies in vivo–in vitro study to various target organs like lungs, liver, and brain. This book provides key information for everyone interested in disease management, drug discovery, and delivery, including medicinal chemists, cosmetic experts, nutritionists, toxicologists, drug formulators, and health care professionals. Students...
Since the first postulation of auxin function by the Darwins, many other plant hormones have been identified and most of them have been found to be synthesized at different sites from their places of action. Hormone transport and thus the responsible hormone transporters are therefore essential for a precise regulation of plant hormone action, which has been repeatedly supported by severe developmental and physiological phenotypes reported for hormone transporter loss-of-function mutants. Plant transporters have been shown to be involved in short and long-distance transport of hormones. Short-distance transport between cells seems to be sufficient for a local hormone action in some tissues (...
This is the only book of its kind to provide an overview of the science of flavonoids in plants.
This book is devoted to the fascinating superfamily of plant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and their variety of transported substrates. It highlights their exciting biological functions, covering aspects ranging from cellular detoxification, through development, to symbiosis and defense. Moreover, it also includes a number of chapters that center on ABC transporters from non-Arabidopsis species. ABC proteins are ubiquitous, membrane-intrinsic transporters that catalyze the primary (ATP-dependent) movement of their substrates through biological membranes. Initially identified as an essential aspect of a vacuolar detoxification process, genetic work in the last decade has revealed an...
One of the challenges faced by every cell as well as by whole organisms is to maintain appropriate concentrations of essential nutrient metals while excluding nonessential toxic metals. Toward that end, all organisms have developed mechanisms for metal homeostasis and detoxification to maintain metal levels within physiological limits. This book brings together current knowledge of the molecular basis of metal homeostasis and detoxification in various eukaryotic model systems, including yeasts, plants, and mammals. It focuses on the cellular systems controlling metal transport, intracellular distribution, and immobilization as well as on systems regulating metal-dependent transcription. In addition to environmental aspects (including phytoremediation), the book treats the pathophysiology of metal deficiency and overload in relation to disease.