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Computational Models of Brain and Behavior
A comprehensive Introduction to the world of brain and behavior computational models This book provides a broad collection of articles covering different aspects of computational modeling efforts in psychology and neuroscience. Specifically, it discusses models that span different brain regions (hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, visual cortex), different species (humans, rats, fruit flies), and different modeling methods (neural network, Bayesian, reinforcement learning, data fitting, and Hodgkin-Huxley models, among others). Computational Models of Brain and Behavior is divided into four sections: (a) Models of brain disorders; (b) Neural models of behavioral processes; (c) Models of ne...
Artificial Neural Networks as Models of Neural Information Processing
Modern neural networks gave rise to major breakthroughs in several research areas. In neuroscience, we are witnessing a reappraisal of neural network theory and its relevance for understanding information processing in biological systems. The research presented in this book provides various perspectives on the use of artificial neural networks as models of neural information processing. We consider the biological plausibility of neural networks, performance improvements, spiking neural networks and the use of neural networks for understanding brain function.
Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty
These are the proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty, ECSQARU 2005, held in Barcelona (Spain), July 6–8, 2005. The ECSQARU conferences are biennial and have become a major forum for advances in the theory and practice of r- soning under uncertainty. The ?rst ECSQARU conference was held in Marseille (1991), and after in Granada (1993), Fribourg (1995), Bonn (1997), London (1999), Toulouse (2001) and Aalborg (2003). The papers gathered in this volume were selected out of 130 submissions, after a strict review process by the members of the Program Committee, to be presented at ECSQARU 2005. In addition, the conference i...
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine in Europe, AIME 2007, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands in July 2007. The 28 revised full papers and 38 revised short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 137 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on agent-based systems, temporal data mining, machine learning and knowledge discovery, text mining, natural language processing and generation, ontologies, decision support systems, applications of AI-based image processing techniques, protocols and guidelines, as well as workflow systems.
Biological and Medical Data Analysis
Thisyear,the5thInternationalSymposiumonMedicalDataAnalysishasexperimented an apparently slight modi?cation. The word "biological" has been added to the title of the conferences. The motivation for this shift goes beyond the wish to attract a diff- ent kind of professional. It is linked to recent trends to produce a shift within various biomedical areas towards genomics-based research and practice. For instance, medical informaticsandbioinformaticsarebeinglinkedina synergicareadenominatedbiom- ical informatics.Similarly,patient careis beingimproved,leadingto conceptsandareas such as molecular medicine, genomic medicine or personalized healthcare. The resultsfromdifferentgenomeprojects,the adv...
Explainable and Interpretable Models in Computer Vision and Machine Learning
This book compiles leading research on the development of explainable and interpretable machine learning methods in the context of computer vision and machine learning. Research progress in computer vision and pattern recognition has led to a variety of modeling techniques with almost human-like performance. Although these models have obtained astounding results, they are limited in their explainability and interpretability: what is the rationale behind the decision made? what in the model structure explains its functioning? Hence, while good performance is a critical required characteristic for learning machines, explainability and interpretability capabilities are needed to take learning m...
The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence has two goals. The first goal is meta-theoretical and is fulfilled by Part One, which comprises the first three chapters: an interpretation of the past (Chapter 1), the present (Chapter 2), and the future of AI (Chapter 3). Part One develops the thesis that AI is an unprecedented divorce between agency and intelligence. On this basis, Part Two investigates the consequences of such a divorce, developing the thesis that AI as a new form of agency can be harnessed ethically and unethically. It begins (Chapter 4) by offering a unified perspective on the many principles that have been proposed to frame the ethics of AI. This leads to a discussion (Chapter 5) ...
Artificial Evolution
The Evolution Arti?cielle cycle of conferences was originally initiated as a forum for the French-speaking evolutionary computation community. Previous EA m- tings were held in Toulouse (EA’94), Brest (EA’95, LNCS 1063), Nˆ?mes (EA’97, LNCS 1363), Dunkerque (EA’99, LNCS 1829), and ?nally, EA 2001 was hosted by the Universit ́e de Bourgogne in the small town of Le Creusot, in an area of France renowned for its excellent wines. However, the EA conferences have been receiving more and more papers from the international community: this conference can be considered fully internat- nal, with 39submissions from non-francophonic countries on all ?ve continents, out of a total of 68. Out of...
Nudging Choices Through Media
This book addresses the growing use of computerized systems to influence people’s decisions without their awareness, a significant but underappreciated sea-change in the way the world works. To assess these systems, this volume’s contributors explore the philosophical and ethical dimensions of algorithms that guide people’s behavior by nudging them toward choices preferred by systems architects. Particularly in an era of heightened awareness of bias and discrimination, these systems raise profound concerns about the morality of such activities. This volume brings together a diverse array of thinkers to critically examine these nudging systems. Not only are high-level perspectives prese...
Active Inference
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Workshop on Active Inference, IWAI 2020, co-located with ECML/PKDD 2020, held in Ghent, Belgium, in September 2020. The 13 full papers along with 6 short papers were thoroughly reviewed and selected from 25 submissions. They are organized in the topical sections on active inference and continuous control; active inference and machine learning; active inference: theory and biology.
