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Estimating Abundance of African Wildlife
Estimating abundance of wildlife is an essential component of a wildlife research program, and a prerequisite for sound management. With the exception of a few highly mathematical volumes, there are no books on the subject for use by students and field workers. Also, the various techniques for counting animals found in scientific journals are often not accessible to African managers. The unavailability of the diverse literature necessitated the production of a textbook or field manual that covers the ground. The book compiles the most relevant techniques for counting African mammals, illustrated with many examples from the field. It provides guidelines for selecting the appropriate methodology for a range of conditions commonly found in the field, in terms of different animal species, habitat types, and management objectives.
Factors Influencing Waterfowl Counts on Aerial Surveys, 1961-66
Surveying of selected transects from the air and from the ground has been used since 1959 to determine the proportion of waterfowl, by species, that are observed by aerial crews. This method attempts to resolve obvious biases in aerial indexes relating to habitat differences, seasonal differences, aerial crew changes, etc. Assumptions in this method of correction are that (1) the ground crew observed substantially all waterfowl present and (2) the selected comparison transects adequately represent surrounding transects to which the correction is to be applied. This report, utilizing data of 1961 to 1966, reviews the necessity for air:ground correction and evaluates the procedure as a solutio...
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Conservation Drones
Increasing numbers of ecologists and conservation biologists have begun to explore the use of drone technology to obtain accurate and up-to-date data on the distribution and density of species, as well as the threats to their habitats, in their ongoing attempts to conserve and monitor biodiversity. Conservation drones are low-cost, autonomous, and operator-friendly unmanned aerial vehicles that can be used for surveying, mapping, and monitoring both habitat and biodiversity. They are fast becoming a valuable complement to ground-based surveys and satellite imagery for a wide range of ecological and conservation applications. The authors pioneered the use of conservation drones for the purpose of monitoring orangutan populations in Southeast Asia. They subsequently founded ConservationDrones.org to share their knowledge of building and using drones with colleagues in the wider environmental community. This website has proved highly popular and this book aims to further build capacity to use drones and inspire others to adapt emerging technologies for practical conservation.
A Critical Review of the Aerial and Ground Surveys of Breeding Waterfowl in North America
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Canadian Wildlife Service in cooperation with others have conducted an annual survey of breeding waterfowl throughout central Canada, the north-central United States, and Alaska since 1955. The area comprises more than 50 strata of habitats. Ducks are counted from aerial transects, and the counts are adjusted upward to account for birds that are not observed by aerial crews. These adjustments, called visibility correction factors, are developed from counts on the ground during which all waterfowl are assumed to have been detected. Counts on the ground are made of a subsample of the aerial survey. Visibility correction factors are calculated for each species and for each aerial crew. The total number of ducks by species and by strata is then calculated as the product of the observed density, the visibility correction factor, and the area of the strata.
Thermal Imaging for Wildlife Applications
Thermal imaging is exciting technology that can act as a powerful tool in a growing number of wildlife research, ecology and management applications. It allows us to see things difficult or even impossible to detect using conventional methods, opening a window onto the worlds of cryptic, nocturnal, secretive and otherwise challenging species. This can offer a range of benefits such as increased accuracy, reduced costs, better efficiency and improvements to health and safety conditions. Yet the relevant information is often largely inaccessible to most wildlife professionals. Thermal Imaging for Wildlife Applications brings together key findings from academic research and applied field protoc...
