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This issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Guest Edited by Drs Carol Bauer, Ronna P. Hertzano, and Didier Depireux, is devoted to Tinnitus. This issue is one of six selected each year by our series Consulting Editor, Sujana S. Chandrasekhar. Articles in this important issue include: Animal Models of Tinnitus; Epidemiology and Genetics of Tinnitus; Classification of Tinnitus; Noise: Acoustic Trauma to the Inner Ear; Noise: Acoustic Trauma and Tinnitus – What Musicians Know; Noise: Acoustic Trauma and Tinnitus – The US Military Experience; Perception of and Reaction to Tinnitus: The Depression Factor; Objective Correlates of Tinnitus via Electrophysiological Correlates: DPs and ABRs; Objective Correlates of Tinnitus via Imaging; Current Medical (validated) Treatments: Cognitive Therapy; Current Medical (validated) treatments: Pharmacological Intervention; Current Medical (validated) Treatments: Medical Devices, Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants; Alternative Treatments for Tinnitus: Alternative Medicine; Current Clinical Trials: Drug; Current Clinical Trials: Devices; Avenue for Future Treatments; and Tinnitus: An Industry Perspective.
Efficient auditory processing requires the rapid integration of transient sensory inputs. This is exemplified in human speech perception, in which long stretches of a complex acoustic signal are typically processed accurately and essentially in real-time. Spoken language thus presents listeners’ auditory systems with a considerable challenge even when acoustic input is clear. However, auditory processing ability is frequently compromised due to congenital or acquired hearing loss, or altered through background noise or assistive devices such as cochlear implants. How does loss of sensory fidelity impact neural processing, efficiency, and health? How does this ultimately influence behavior? This Research Topic explores the neural consequences of hearing loss, including basic processing carried out in the auditory periphery, computations in subcortical nuclei and primary auditory cortex, and higher-level cognitive processes such as those involved in human speech perception. By pulling together data from a variety of disciplines and perspectives, we gain a more complete picture of the acute and chronic consequences of hearing loss for neural functioning.
Although bats and dolphins live in very different environments, are vastly different in size, and hunt different kinds of prey, both groups have evolved similar sonar systems, known as echolocation, to locate food and navigate the skies and seas. While much research has been conducted over the past thirty years on echolocation in bats and dolphins, this volume is the first to compare what is known about echolocation in each group, to point out what information is missing, and to identify future areas of research. Echolocation in Bats and Dolphins consists of six sections: mechanisms of echolocation signal production; the anatomy and physiology of signal reception and interpretation; performance and cognition; ecological and evolutionary aspects of echolocation mammals; theoretical and methodological topics; and possible echolocation capabilities in other mammals, including shrews, seals, and baleen whales. Animal behaviorists, ecologists, physiologists, and both scientists and engineers who work in the field of bioacoustics will benefit from this book.
This Research Topic is part of the article collection series: Towards an Understanding of Tinnitus Heterogeneity. Tinnitus is the perception of a sound when no external sound is present. The severity of tinnitus varies but it can be debilitating for many patients. With more than 100 million people with chronic tinnitus worldwide, tinnitus is a disorder of high prevalence.
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Tinnitus is the perception of a sound when no external sound is present. The severity of tinnitus varies but it can be debilitating for many patients. With more than 100 million people with chronic tinnitus worldwide, tinnitus is a disorder of high prevalence. The increased knowledge in the neuroscience of tinnitus has led to the emergence of promising treatment approaches, but no uniformly effective treatment for tinnitus has been identified. The large patient heterogeneity is considered to be the major obstacle for the development of effective treatment strategies against tinnitus. This eBook provides an inter- and multi-disciplinary collection of tinnitus research with the aim to better understand tinnitus heterogeneity and improve therapeutic outcomes.