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Current Topics in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has probably been the most important disease to emerge in the 21st century. This viral zoonotic disease has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but with a higher impact in low- and middle-income countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Up to December 4, 2022, more than 645,195,564 cases had been reported globally, with 6,640,845 deaths, and more than 13,054,668,703 doses of a vaccine had been given. Research has been of the utmost importance in the COVID-19 crisis: a great deal of knowledge was gathered between December 2019 and December 2022. Appropriate evidence-based management and the development of safe and effective vaccines have been key to controlling the virus. This book presents a selection of the last two years’ learning from research and clinical practice concerning SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.
Emerging and Re-emerging Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases
Background: Emerging infectious diseases (EID) have posed a recurring threat to human civilizations throughout history. The list of emerging infections continues to grow with a diverse set of pathogens against which we have inadequate counter measures. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is perhaps the EID that defines our times, taking well over a decade before rates of new infection could be curbed following identification of the etiologic agent in 1983. Deep study of most EID reveals the intricate complexity and connectedness of humans, animals, pathogens, vectors, and environ. Ongoing outbreaks of Ebola and Lassa fever emphasize how population expansion may create niches and opportunity f...
Current Topics in Tropical Emerging Diseases and Travel Medicine
Tropical emerging diseases pose a significant risk for the circulation of old and new pathogens in areas previously unknown, also implying the possibility of new morbidities and mortalities and new consequences for naïve populations. Globalization, migration and travel are key factors for tropical diseases, and represent the need for integration of tropical medicine, travel medicine and epidemiology in the understanding of such complex situations. Neglected tropical diseases such as leprosy or Chagas disease, arboviral diseases, HIV, Ebola, and arenaviral infections are just a few examples. This book tries to update significant epidemiological and clinical research in many aspects with a multinational perspective.
Current Topics in Zika
Zika was an arbovirus not considered relevant until the epidemics of 2007, where in the islands of the Pacific, Yap, Micronesia, and others, and later in the Americas in 2015-2016, it created a significant public health threat. Zika is a flavivirus that has been especially important not just for the high number of cases but also for its related morbidity. In the case of adult population, multiple neurological diseases are already associated and in pregnant women because of its confirmed teratogenic capacity, leading to microcephaly as well as other central nervous system (CNS) birth defects. This book tried to update the significant epidemiological and clinical research in many aspects with a multinational perspective.
Current Topics in Neglected Tropical Diseases
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is a diverse group of communicable diseases that prevail in tropical and subtropical conditions in 149 countries. NTDs affect more than one billion people and cost developing economies billions of dollars every year. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), NTDs mainly affect populations living in poverty, without adequate sanitation, and in close contact with infectious vectors, domestic animals, and livestock. Migration, as well as climate change and variability, are key factors in NTD prevalence. Therefore, NTDs deserve more study. Recently, viruses transmitted by vectors (arboviruses) that affect not only people living in the tropics, but also travelers and migrating populations, have been causing epidemics. Examples of these viruses include Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, Mayaro, and encephalitis viruses. These viruses emerge and reemerge in multiple regions of the world, as occurred in the Americas recently (2013-2017) with Chikungunya and Zika. This book aims to update the significant epidemiological and clinical research of NTDs in many aspects with a multinational perspective.
Current Concepts in Zika Research
Zika is an arboviral disease that has caused a significant impact, especially in the Americas after the epidemics in 2015 and 2016. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in 2016, linking it with the Guillain-Barré syndrome and especially the microcephaly and the Congenital Zika Syndrome. The multiple consequences, especially in the central and peripheral nervous system in the short and long term, are still to be better defined. Therefore research on Zika is crucial. This book presents an update of the significant epidemiological and clinical research of Zika over the last years in many aspects and from a multinational perspective.
Current Topics in Tropical Emerging Diseases and Travel Medicine
Tropical emerging diseases pose a significant risk for the circulation of old and new pathogens in areas previously unknown, also implying the possibility of new morbidities and mortalities and new consequences for naïve populations. Globalization, migration and travel are key factors for tropical diseases, and represent the need for integration of tropical medicine, travel medicine and epidemiology in the understanding of such complex situations. Neglected tropical diseases such as leprosy or Chagas disease, arboviral diseases, HIV, Ebola, and arenaviral infections are just a few examples. This book tries to update significant epidemiological and clinical research in many aspects with a multinational perspective.
Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Malaria Elimination
Malaria is one of the most important tropical diseases in the history of the world. This vector-borne disease has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. As such, this book provides updated information on epidemiological and public health research of malaria conducted in the last decade. Over four sections, chapters discuss such topics as diagnosis, epidemiology and surveillance, policy and prevention, and vector control and vaccines.
Current Topics in Public Health
Public Health is regarded as the basis and cornerstone of health, generally and in medicine. Defined as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals, this discipline has been renewed by the incorporation of multiple actors, professions, knowledge areas and it has also been impacted and promoted by multiple technologies, particularly - the information technology. As a changing field of knowledge, Public Health requires evidence-based information and regular updates. Current Topics in Public Health presents updated information on multi...
