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Slavery persists to this day in Mauritania, predominantly affecting Haratins, many of whom continue to work as slaves for White Moors or Beidanes. To date, there has been no internal or external official inquiry or study to ascertain even an approximate figure for the number of people still subjected to slavery. What is certain is that there is still a large group of people in this situation, many of whom are in a situation of slavery by descent, sometimes known as ‘traditional slavery’. However, while the racial dimension is part of the phenomenon, it is also linked to the caste system and the economy. Slavery was abolished in 1980 after a long struggle, through the adoption of an order by Mauritania. However, for 26 years, no criminal law was enacted to enforce this order. This report seeks to explain how the legal system in Mauritania is structured to combat slavery and attempt to analyse the effectiveness of this system through the implementation of Law 2015-031 on the Criminalization of Slavery and the Punishment of Slavery Practices.
L’esclavage persiste à ce jour en Mauritanie, affectant principalement les Haratines, dont beaucoup continuent de travailler comme esclaves pour les Maures blancs ou les Beidanes. À ce jour, il n'y a pas eu d'enquête ou d’étude officielle interne ou externe pour établir un chiffre, même approximatif, sur le nombre de personnes encore soumises à l’esclavage. Ce qui est certain, c’est qu’il existe encore un groupe important de personnes dans cette situation, dont beaucoup sont en situation d’esclavage par filiation, parfois appelé « esclavage traditionnel ». Cependant, si la dimension raciale fait partie du phénomène, ce dernier est également lié au système des caste...
This book gathers nineteen papers presented at the first NLAGA-BIRS Symposium, which was held at the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, Senegal, on June 24–28, 2019. The four-day symposium brought together African experts on nonlinear analysis and geometry and their applications, as well as their international partners, to present and discuss mathematical results in various areas. The main goal of the NLAGA project is to advance and consolidate the development of these mathematical fields in West and Central Africa with a focus on solving real-world problems such as coastal erosion, pollution, and urban network and population dynamics problems. The book addresses a range of topics related to partial differential equations, geometrical analysis of optimal shapes, geometric structures, optimization and optimal transportation, control theory, and mathematical modeling.
Social research study of the role of the mouride brotherhood of an islamic tribal peoples in the political leadership and economic structure of Senegal - describes the origins, growth, religion and rural cooperative organisation of the brotherhood and covers social structure, social status, traditions, membership, land settlement, land tenure, agriculture, rural migration to urban areas, social change, etc. Bibliography pp. 305 to 311, maps and statistical tables.
La grande muraille verte est un projet révolutionnaire mis en place par les pays africains du Sahel : une bande végétale de 15 km de large, traversant le continent d'est en ouest, dont l'objectif est de combattre la désertification grâce à une gestion durable des ressources naturelles. La grande muraille verte est un projet révolutionnaire mis en place par les pays africains du Sahel : une bande végétale de 15 km de large, traversant le continent d'est en ouest, dont l'objectif est de combattre la désertification grâce à une gestion durable des ressources naturelles. Cela ne peut se faire sans de nombreux acteurs, chercheurs, médecins, citoyens et populations locales. La désert...