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Before the foundation of academies of art in London in 1758 and Philadelphia in 1805, most individuals who were to emerge as artists trained in workshops of varying degrees of relevance. Easel painters began their careers apprenticed to carriage, house, sign or ship painters, whilst a few were placed with those who made pictures. Sculptors emerged from a training as ornamental plasterers or carvers. Of the many other trades in a position to offer an appropriate background were ‘limning’, staining, engraving, surveying, chasing and die-sinking. In addition, plumbers gained the right to use oil painting and, for plasterers, the application of distemper was an extension of their trade. Cent...
An immersive and electrifying account of a defining episode in the English Civil War that illuminates the human experience—and human cost—of this devastating war. It was a time of puritans and populism, witch hunts and civil war. Between 1643 and 1645, Basing House in Hampshire, England, was besieged three times. To the parliamentary Roundheads, the house symbolized everything that was wrong with England: it was the largest private residence in the country, a bastion of royalism and excess. Its owner, the Marquess of Winchester, reportedly had the motto Love loyalty etched into the windows. Winchester refused all terms of surrender. When he discovered his brother plotting to betray the h...
The Johnstown Flood is an iconic tragedy in our nation ́s history, like the Chicago Fire, the sinking of the Titanic or the San Francisco earthquake. Many books have been written about the devastating 1889 Johnstown Flood, but few about the period before or after the flood: why did the town develop in such a remote valley and why didn ́t those who livied below the dangerous dam do something about it? My book, "The Bosses Club", answers those questions, but more importantly illuminates often overlooked circumstances that contributed to the origin for the catastrophe, like the Pennsylvania Canal and Pennsylvania Railroad. How their rapid development set the stage and led to the rivaly between Cambria Iron Company and Carnegie to dominate the burgeoning Steel industry.