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Genetic advancements for improving the plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses
Crop plants are constantly exposed to multiple abiotic (such as drought, salinity, cold, flooding, heavy metal, and heat) and/or biotic (bacterial/fungal/viral) stress factors that hinder their growth and development, subsequently leading to decreases in quality and yield. During the last two decades, many classical genetic and breeding approaches have been used to develop stress-tolerant and climate-adaptable plants that can provide a better yield to meet food demands. Climate change poses a major risk to food security as the world faces frequent floods, droughts, heat waves, and the emergence of new invasive pests and diseases. Novel genomic and genetic approaches look promising to improve...
Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress
Environmental stresses represent the most limiting factors for agricultural productivity. Apart from biotic stress caused by plant pathogens, there are a number of abiotic stresses such as extremes in temperature, drought, salinity, heavy metals and radiation which all have detrimental effects on plant growth and yield. However, certain plant species and ecotypes have developed various mechanisms to adapt to such stress conditions. Recent advances in the understanding of these abiotic stress responses provided the impetus for compiling up-to-date reviews discussing all relevant topics in abiotic stress signaling of plants in a single volume. Topical reviews were prepared by selected experts and contain an introduction, discussion of the state of the art and important future tasks of the particular fields.
Aquaporins: Dynamic Role and Regulation
Aquaporins (AQPs), a class of integral membrane proteins, form channels facilitating movement of water and many other solutes. In solute transport systems of all living organisms including plants, animals and fungi, AQPs play a vital role. Plants contain a much higher number of AQP genes compared to animals, the likely consequence of genome duplication events and higher ploidy levels. As a result of duplication and subsequent diversification, plant AQPs have evolved several subfamilies with very diverse functions. Plant AQPs are highly selective for specific solutes because of their unique structural features. For instance, ar/R selectivity filters and NPA domains have been found to be key e...
Redox State as a Central Regulator of Plant-Cell Stress Responses
This book provides an up-to-date overview of redox signaling in plant cells and its key role in responses to different stresses. The chapters, which are original works or reviews, focus on redox signaling states; cellular tolerance under different biotic and abiotic stresses; cellular redox homeostasis as a central modulator; redox homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS); redox balance in chloroplasts and mitochondria; oxidative stress and its role in peroxisome homeostasis; glutathione-related enzyme systems and metabolism under metal stress; and abiotic stress-induced redox changes and programmed cell death. The book is an invaluable source of information for plant scientists and students interested in redox state chemistry and cellular tolerance in plants.
Metalloids in Plants
Understanding metalloids and the potential impact they can have upon crop success or failure Metalloids have a complex relationship with plant life. Exhibiting a combination of metal and non-metal characteristics, this small group of elements – which includes boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and tellurium (Te) – may hinder or enhance the growth and survival of crops. The causes underlying the effects that different metalloids may have upon certain plants range from genetic variance to anatomical factors, the complexities of which can pose a challenge to botanists and agriculturalists of all backgrounds. With Metalloids in Plants, a group of leading pl...
Metal and Nutrient Transporters in Abiotic Stress
Metal and Nutrient Transporters in Abiotic Stress: Sensing, Signaling and Trafficking focuses on the different forms of environmental stressors relating to heavy metal/metalloid and nutrient deficiency and their potential to inflict major damages to crop plant productivity. The book presents the current state of knowledge of the biochemical and molecular regulation of several classes of membrane transporters during different stresses, along with their probable mechanisms of operation in plant stress tolerance. The exhaustive discussion presented in this book will help mitigate multiple forms of stresses by utilizing transporter proteins. Edited by leading experts and with a global team of contributors, this book will further stimulate research in the field of transporter proteins and foster further interests for researchers, academicians and scientists worldwide. Focuses exclusively on the transporter proteins involved in multiple environmental stresses in plants Explains exploiting transporters in crop improvement programs through transgenic technology Serves as an important source of information in the field of abiotic stress
Genetically Engineered Crops
Genetically engineered crops are those crop plants that are transformed with transgenes of desired traits into their nuclear genome using recombinant DNA technology. The common strategies used for plant transformation are by exploiting natural gene transfer by soil bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and by using gene guns where gold microcarriers coated with desiccated DNA are delivered using pneumatic pressure. Transgenic technology has expanded the scope of conventional breeding by breaking the restrictions inflicted by traditional cross-pollination and selection techniques. This book presents research in the study of genetically engineered crops, including the promise of transgenic breeding for future agriculture and the public concerns over genetically modified plants; and genetically modified crop safety assessment protocol.
