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What is Mental Retardation? is a rare peek into the divergent--and at times contentious--points of view among the world's leading researchers on what the condition of mental retardation is and how it should be defined, measured, and implemented in the 21st century. This candid and insightful collection of 21 essays features expert opinion on issues ranging from whether mental retardation really is a slowing of mental development and what the disability should be called, to how cultural norms affect the definition of the condition worldwide and lessons learned from the Atkins v. Virginia case. The definitions of mental retardation published from 1921-2002 by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities provide the backdrop for this powerful discussion.
The expressions "idiot, you idiot, you're an idiot, don't be an idiot," and the like are generally interpreted as momentary insults. But, they are also expressions that represent an old, if unstable, history. Beginning with an examination of the early nineteenth century labeling of mental retardation as "idiocy," to what we call developmental, intellectual, or learning disabilities, Mental Retardation in America chronicles the history of mental retardation, its treatment and labeling, and its representations and ramifications within the changing economic, social, and political context of America. Mental Retardation in America includes essays with a wide range of authors who approach the prob...
Current estimates suggest that between one and three percent of people living in the United States will receive a diagnosis of mental retardation. Mental retardation, a condition characterized by deficits in intellectual capabilities and adaptive behavior, can be particularly hard to diagnose in the mild range of the disability. The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) provides income support and medical benefits to individuals with cognitive limitations who experience significant problems in their ability to perform work and may therefore be in need of governmental support. Addressing the concern that SSA's current procedures are consistent with current scientific and professional practices, this book evaluates the process used by SSA to determine eligibility for these benefits. It examines the adequacy of the SSA definition of mental retardation and its current procedures for assessing intellectual capabilities, discusses adaptive behavior and its assessment, advises on ways to combine intellectual and adaptive assessment to provide a complete profile of an individual's capabilities, and clarifies ways to differentiate mental retardation from other conditions.
Disability at the Dawn is the single most comprehensive reference for anyone seeking information on government spending on disability services and supports in the United States. This book features a state-by-state analysis of where money for developmental disability services comes from, where it is spent, and who is served in the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. This edition covers data from 1982-2000.
A historical reference that chronicles parental involvement - or the surprising lack of - in mental retardation services from 1876 to 2000 in America.
This book, prepared in response to a request from the United States Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, reviews the published literature on positive behavior interventions and uses this database to provide four main content areas for research. Positive behavior support (PBS) is defined as an approach for dealing with problem behavior that focuses on the remediation of deficient contexts (such as environmental conditions and/or behavioral repertoires) that by functional assessment are documented to be the source of the problem. The research published on PBS between 1985 and 1996 (n=107 articles) was reviewed with respect to four categories of variables: demographics...
The workbook summarises and highlights some of the key information from the text, mental retardation :definition, classification and systems of supports , and demonstrates how to implement the system. It will assist in the diagnosis of mental retardation and to identify strengths and limitations, and planning individual supports for clients .
This Manual contains the most current and authoritative information and knowledge on intellectual disability, including best practice guidelines on diagnosing and classifying intellectual disability and developing a system of supports for people living with an intellectual disability. Written by a committee of 18 experts, "Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports" (11th edition) is based on seven years of work on: (1) a synthesis of current information and best practices regarding intellectual disability; (2) numerous reviews and critiques of the 10th edition of the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (aaidd) definition manual; and (3) feedback from the field regarding a series of articles published by the Committee. This is the first official aaidd definition manual with the terminology "Intellectual Disability" (formerly mental retardation).
Do special education methods work? Is special education cost-effective? Kavale and Forness provide a complete and accurate evaluation of what works and what doesn't in special education in this monograph.