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Breath-hold diving marine mammals are able to remain submerged for prolonged periods of time and dive to phenomenal depths while foraging. A number of physiological, biochemical and behavioral traits have been suggested that enable this life style, including the diving response, lung collapse, increased O2 stores, diving induced hypometabolism, and stroke-and-glide behavior to reduce dive metabolic cost. Since the initial studies by Scholander in the 1940‘s, when most of the physiological and biochemical traits were suggested, few have received as much study as the diving response and O2 management. The calculated aerobic dive limit (cADL) was an important concept which allowed calculation...
The Physiology of Dolphins explains complex physiological problems of dolphins that are largely driven by technological developments of biologging tools. The book provides a collection of review chapters from leaders in the field of dolphin ecophysiology, making it essential for instructors, researchers and graduate students interested in the physiological and anatomical adaptations that make life possible for this charismatic marine mammal. Sections cover the complete physiology of the mammal and include information on the current threats for dolphins and whales from environmental pressures such as climate change, overfishing, pollution and our increasing human presence in the ocean. This i...
Suppose you were designing a marine mammal. What would they need to live in the ocean? How would you keep them warm? What design features would allow them to dive for very long periods to extreme depths? Do they need water to drink? How would they minimize the cost of swimming, and how would they find their prey in the deep and dark? These questions and more are examined in detail throughout Marine Mammal Physiology, which explores how marine mammals live in the sea from a physiological point of view. This undergraduate textbook considers the essential aspects of what makes a marine mammal different from terrestrial mammals, beyond just their environment. It focuses on the physiological and ...
Учебное пособие рассчитано на обучающихся средних профессиональных учреждений и колледжей, изучающих английский язык. В учебном пособии раскрыта специфика содержания учебной дисциплины «Профессиональный иностранный язык», «Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере». Учебное пособие предназначено для направлений подготовки: «Строительство и эксплуатация автомобильных дор...
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Учебное пособие рассчитано на обучающихся первого курса уровня бакалавра факультетов технических специальностей, изучающих английский язык. В учебном пособии раскрыта специфика содержания учебной дисциплины «Профессиональный иностранный язык», «Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере». Учебное пособие предназначено для направлений подготовки 23.03.01 Технология транспорт...
Swimming is an integral part of the life history of many fish species as is intimately linked with their ability to express feeding and predator avoidance behaviors, habitat selection and environmental preferences, social and reproductive behaviors as well as migratory behaviors. Therefore, swimming is an important determinant factor of fitness in a true Darwinian sense and, not surprisingly, swimming performance has been often used as a measure of physiological fitness in fish. The main aim of this Research Topic is to showcase some of the current studies designed to improve our understanding of the physiological energetic and metabolic requirements of swimming and of the adaptive responses to swimming in fish.
Centuries ago, when penguins were first encountered by European explorers, they were not thought to be birds but rather a fish-like relative. Subsequent accumulation of knowledge has shown penguins to be an avian species with unrivaled aquatic attributes, owing to a number of evolutionary adaptations: shape change, low drag, ability to regulate buoyancy, and extraordinary surface compliancy from their featheration. They are indeed the most extremely specialized diving bird, having given up flight (which otherwise is hugely advantageous) to the benefit of underwater prowess (such as speed, maneuverability and an ability to exploit an extraordinary range of depths). This flightlessness, howeve...