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Macrophage is a key component of innate immunity that exhibit extensive plasticity and heterogeneity. They are present in virtually every organ of the body and can be replenished by circulating monocytes following insults. Originally macrophages were divided into two major phenotypes: pro-inflammatory M1, which is initiated by TNF-α, INF-γ, and bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and anti-inflammatory M2, which is activated through stimulation of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. However, segregation into two distinct phenotypes is a marked simplification of the in vivo reality and it is now widely accepted that macrophage phenotype is plastic and determined by highly complex micr...
This updated third edition of a successful book is a description of both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic antiepileptic drug (AED) interactions, including details of the magnitude and mechanism of interactions, and also of drug combinations that are not associated with interactions and therefore can be coprescribed without undue concern. Presented in alphabetical order and by drug class, drug interactions that occur between AEDs and also between AEDs and non-AEDs are described in three sections: Drug interactions between AEDs; Drug interactions between AEDs and non-AED Drugs: Interactions affecting AEDs; Drug interactions between AEDs and non-AED Drugs: Interactions affected by AEDs. Anti...
In one convenient source, this book provides a broad, detailed, and cohesive overview of seizure disorders and contemporary treatment options. For this Fifth Edition, the editors have replaced or significantly revised approximately 30 to 50 percent of the chapters, and have updated all of them. Dr. Wyllie has invited three new editors: Gregory Cascino, MD, FAAN, at Mayo Clinic, adult epileptologist with special expertise in neuroimaging; Barry Gidal, PharmD, at University of Wisconsin, a pharmacologist with phenomenal expertise in antiepileptic medications; and Howard Goodkin, MD, PhD, a pediatric neurologist at the University of Virginia. A fully searchable companion website will include the full text online and supplementary material such as seizure videos, additional EEG tracings, and more color illustrations.