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The analysis and design of control strategies for the synchronization of subsystems that are coupled over communication networks is the topic of this thesis. Typically, synchronization problems deal with the asymptotic behavior of networked multi-agent systems, where it is required that the states of the subsystems follow a common trajectory as the time approaches infinity. In contrast, this thesis focuses on strategies that do not only fulfill the requirement on asymptotic synchronization but also requirements on the transient behavior of networked multi-agent systems. Motivated by a growing number of applications where subsystems exchange their information by means of modern communication systems, the limits on the achievable performance of synchronization are studied for large teams of autonomous subsystems. In particular, control strategies that do not require any centralized coordination of the subsystems are developed.
The book gives an introduction to networked control systems and describes new modeling paradigms, analysis methods for event-driven, digitally networked systems, and design methods for distributed estimation and control. Networked model predictive control is developed as a means to tolerate time delays and packet loss brought about by the communication network. In event-based control the traditional periodic sampling is replaced by state-dependent triggering schemes. Novel methods for multi-agent systems ensure complete or clustered synchrony of agents with identical or with individual dynamics. The book includes numerous references to the most recent literature. Many methods are illustrated by numerical examples or experimental results.
This thesis presents a novel distributed control paradigm for networked control systems in which the local control units of the subsystems exchange information, whenever this is necessary to fulfill an overall control aim. The local control units act in a self-organized way, which means that they adapt their communication structure depending on the current situation of the subsystems based on locally available information only. A new controller structure is proposed. The local control units are divided into three components fulfilling universal tasks to generate a situation-dependent communication structure: The feedback unit performs a local feedback by using local measurements to fulfill b...
This thesis proposes a method that plans trajectories for autonomous agents to enable them to fulfil different tasks while ensuring the collision-free movement. The agents are locally controlled and connected over an unreliable communication network that may induce packet losses and transmission delays. Further sensors e.g. for a distance measurement are not used and communication should only be invoked if it is necessary to avoid a collision. The basic problem occurs for two agents. The first agent can change its trajectory at any time without regard to the second agent, which has to ensure the collision avoidance. To this aim it adapts its trajectory based only on local data and communicat...
This book presents novel methods of fault-tolerant control theory in a discrete-event system framework. Nondeterministic input/output automata are used to model nominal and faulty technological systems. The main contributions are the following: Control design method for discrete-event systems Fault modeling technique for actuator, sensor and system internal faults and failures Off-line and on-line control reconfiguration based on trajectory re-planning and input/output adaptation. Two small size running examples are used to explain the developed methods. Experiments on a manufacturing cell demonstrate the application of these methods in a realistic environment. The state of the art is provided on methods for modeling, supervisory control and fault-tolerant control of discrete-event systems.
This thesis deals with active fault-tolerant control of discrete event systems modeled by deterministic Input/Output (I/O) automata. Active fault-tolerant control realizes three operating modes - nominal control, fault diagnosis and controller reconfiguration. A new fault-tolerant controller which autonomously ensures the fulfillment of the control aim, both, in the faultless and the faulty case is developed. The control aim is to steer the plant into a desired final state while guaranteeing the avoidance of illegal transitions. Corresponding to the three operating modes, the proposed integrated fault-tolerant controller consists of a tracking controller, a diagnostic unit and a reconfigurat...
This thesis concerns the cooperative control of networked vehicles. Autonomous driving is a topic that is currently being discussed with great interest from researchers, vehicle manufacturers and the corresponding media. Future autonomous vehicles should bring the passengers to their desired destination while improving both safety and efficiency compared to current human-driven vehicles. The inherent problem of all vehicle coordination tasks is to guarantee collision avoidance in every situation. To this end, autonomous vehicles have to share information with each other in order to perform traffic manoeuvres that require the cooperation of multiple vehicles. The fundamental problem of vehicl...
This thesis considers networked discrete-event systems. The overall system is a network of subsystems, each of which includes a technical process modelled by an I/O automaton together with a controller and a network unit. These subsystems are interconnected by physical couplings and digital communication links. An important characteristic of the networked discreteevent systems is the partial autonomy of the subsystems, which is reflected by the fact that each subsystem solves its local tasks individually. Cooperation among the subsystems becomes necessary if physical couplings or control specifications have to be resolved by two or more subsystems in order to satisfy the local tasks. Hence, ...
Event-based control is a means to restrict the feedback in control loops to event time instants that are determined by a well-defined triggering mechanism. The aim of this control strategy is to adapt the communication over the feedback link to the system behavior. In this thesis, a state-feedback approach to event-based control is extended to systems that are composed of physically interconnected subsystems. The main concern of this thesis is disturbance rejection in interconnected systems, which is supposed to be best accomplished by a continuous state feedback. This consideration leads to the idea that the event-based state-feedback system should approximate the disturbance rejection beha...
Dieses Lehrbuch überzeugt durch seine Didaktik und Stoffauswahl. Die Darstellung zielt auf ein tiefgründiges Verständnis dynamischer Systeme und Regelungsvorgänge, wobei mit Zeitbereichsbetrachtungen im Zustandsraum begonnen und erst danach zur Frequenzbereichsdarstellung übergegangen wird. Praktische Beispiele aus Elektrotechnik, Maschinenbau, Verfahrenstechnik und Verkehrstechnik illustrieren die Anwendung der behandelten Methoden und zeigen den fachübergreifenden Charakter der Regelungstechnik. Mit der Einführung in MATLAB (Release R2014a) wird der Anschluss an die rechnergestützte Arbeitsweise der Ingenieure hergestellt. Übungsaufgaben mit ausführlichen Lösungen dienen der Vertiefung des Stoffes. Für die 10. Auflage wurden zahlreiche Textstellen und Abbildungen verbessert und die Beschreibung von MATLAB der aktuellen Version angepasst. Die Darstellung der E/A-Normalform und die daran anknüpfenden Erläuterungen der Phänomene der Nullstelle und des nichtminimalphasigen Verhaltens wurden überarbeitet.