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Metastasis is the major cause of mortality in cancer patients. Metastases can be present at the time of diagnosis or can occur years or decades after the removal of the primary tumor and treatment. This long latency in the manifestation of recurrent metastatic disease is explained clinically by the persistence of quiescent tumor cells that disseminated early in the course of the disease from the primary tumor to select distant organs. These residing disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) at distant organs lay dormant and asymptomatic until reawakened to form overt metastases. Importantly, the quiescent nature of these “hibernating” DTCs facilitates their resistance to conventional therapies tha...
Microbes, or microorganisms, are tiny living beings that cannot be seen by the naked eye. These little guys are one of the oldest living things on Earth, and are extremely diverse in how they live and what they can do. They, for example, can live in many places, from the freezing iciness of glaciers, to the insides of other organisms, like termites or humans. Since they are virtually everywhere, microorganisms are essential for the biological processes that allow plants and animals to breath, eat and thrive. But how were they able to endure, adapt and flourish constantly over millions of years? The secrets of their success are still within them, coded into their genomes, waiting for us to un...
Public and global health professionals realize that despite significant advances in improving population health and preventing high mortality from communicable and non-communicable diseases and managing/treating both communicable and con-communicable diseases the global population health status remains fragile. This is partly due to the global life pattern in the 21st century making world as a global village. Individuals’ movements in global society have been facilitated rapidly and the current advance in travel and trade across different geographical locations allow rapid spread of any newly identified infectious agents. Therefore, relatively the likelihood of an outbreak and pandemic increases if there is no suitably coordinated active global surveillance in place.
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Research in recent years has increasingly shifted away from purely academic research, and into applied aspects of the discipline, including climate change research, conservation, and sustainable development. It has by now widely been recognized that “traditional” knowledge is always in flux and adapting to a quickly changing environment. Trends of globalization, especially the globalization of plant markets, have greatly influenced how plant resources are managed nowadays. While ethnobotanical studies are now available from many regions of the world, no comprehensive encyclopedic series focusing on the worlds mountain regions is available in the market. Scholars in plant sciences worldwi...
Although more than 10 new antiepileptic drugs have been developed in the past decade, epilepsy remains resistant to drug therapy in about one third of patients, many of whom struggle with the disease their entire lives. Managing these patients is a challenge and requires a structured multidisciplinary approach. The book includes chapters on all issues related to pharmacoresistance in epilepsy and describes recent developments in the pathogenesis and treatment of this disorder. It addresses abnormalities in inhibitory mechanisms, epilepsy-related changes to the immune system, development of pharmacoresistance caused by chronic exposure to antiepileptic drugs, and novel therapeutic strategies ...
The 2-Day Diet is the original, clinically proven 5:2 diet to get you slim and healthy, as developed by acclaimed scientists Dr Michelle Harvie and Prof Tony Howell at Genesis Breast Cancer Prevention (all author proceeds go to this charity). To reach your perfect weight, all you need to do is follow this low-carb intermittent diet for two days a week. For the rest of the week just eat normally but sensibly. It really is that simple, and the science proves it: in trials followers lost more weight than those on continuous calorie-controlled diets, almost twice as much fat, and more centimetres around their waist – and they were more successful at keeping it off! The 2-Day Diet is packed wit...
Technical problems require technical solutions that are innovative, simple, cheap, robust and easy to maintain. This book lists 100 winning inventions in the first International Inventors Award competition, organized in Stockholm.
Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. That is, the government only transfers the money to persons who meet certain criteria. These criteria may include enrolling children into public schools, getting regular check-ups at the doctor's office, receiving vaccinations, or the like. They have been hailed as a way of reducing inequality and helping households break out of a vicious cycle whereby poverty is transmitted from one generation to another. Do these and other claims make sense? Are they supported by the available empirical evidence? This volume seeks to answer these and other related questions. Sp...