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Proportionality is a German, and thus continental European, concept in public law that is applied by both the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The principle specifies that measures adopted by executive authorities should not exceed the limits of what is appropriate and necessary in order to achieve legitimate objectives in the interest of the public. Using a functional comparative approach, this book evaluates the extent to which proportionality has been integrated into the English and Hong Kong judicial systems by comparing case law in these courts with that of the CJEU and the ECtHR. The text also reviews the development of proportionality and presents a topical understanding of why its adoption and application have encountered difficulties, particularly regarding socio-economic rights, in some jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom and Hong Kong. Written by a scholar with experience from both within the Hong Kong judicial system and from international research, this book is the first all-encompassing reference for legal practitioners worldwide.
1: Introduction 2: The Rule of Law Concept 3: Legality as a Concept in the Case Law 4: Judicial Safeguards 5: The Substantive Contents of Law 6: Democracy 7: Conclusion.
Explores the English origins of the principles of judicial review in common law jurisdictions and autochthonous pressures for their adaptation.
This book considers how the interplay between multilateral and preferential liberalisation of trade in services increasingly raises concerns, both from the perspective of the beneficiaries of such liberalisation (whose rights are uncertain) and that of regulators (whose regulatory autonomy is constrained). The author shows how these concerns lead to vast underutilisation of, and strong prejudices against, the benefits of services liberalisation. The book meticulously analyses and compares the EU's obligations under the GATS and the services chapters of several RTAs to finally assess the merits of the raised concerns.
Discusses Upendra Baxi's role as an Indian jurist and how his contributions have shaped our understanding of legal jurisprudence.
Exploring the intricate relationship between law, economics, and global politics, this book examines the regulatory environment of the aviation industry. Tracing the historical development of aviation law, the book has a particular focus on how economic polycentrism and the liberal international economic order have influenced the sector's regulatory framework. It discusses the aviation industry's responses to unforeseen global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical conflicts, providing a detailed analysis of the legal mechanisms that ensure industry stability and resilience. Key topics include the role of arbitration in resolving disputes, the impact of international regulati...
This book uses empirical analysis to show that courts refrain from using the proportionality test as a means of judicial activism.
Identifies how and why 'dialogue' can describe and evaluate institutional interactions over constitutional questions concerning democracy and rights.
Democratic dysfunction can arise in both 'at risk' and well-functioning constitutional systems. It can threaten a system's responsiveness to both minority rights claims and majoritarian constitutional understandings. Responsive Judicial Review aims to counter this dysfunction using examples from both the global north and global south, including leading constitutional courts in the US, UK, Canada, India, South Africa, and Colombia, as well as select aspects of the constitutional jurisprudence of courts in Australia, Fiji, Hong Kong, and Korea. In this book, Dixon argues that courts should adopt a sufficiently 'dialogic' approach to countering relevant democratic blockages and look for ways to...