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A distinguished group of scholars examine recent transitions to democracy and the prospects for democratic stability in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Peru, Portugal, Spain and Uruguay. They also assess the role of elites in the longer-established democratic regimes in Columbia, Costa Rica, Italy, Mexico and Venezuela. The authors conclude that in independent states with long records of political instability and authoritarian rule, democratic consolidation requires the achievement of elite 'consensual unity' - that is, agreement among all politically important elites on the worth of existing democratic institutions and respect for democratic rules-of-the-game, coupled with increased 'structural integration' among those elites. Two processes by which consensual unity can be established are explored - elite settlement, the negotiating of compromises on basic disagreements, and elite convergence, a more subtle series of tactical decisions by rival elites which have cumulative effect, over perhaps a generation.
Reconciling Modernity challenges the academic consensus of a simplistic Church-State reconciliation in postrevolutionary Mexico and reveals instead a cultural power struggle between entrenched elite factions, each intending to define Mexico?s national identity. Using documents found in regional archives, Daniel Newcomer provides a new interpretation of how radically opposed conservative and revolutionary elites came to a political dätente in the traditional Catholic stronghold of Le¢n, Guanajuato, during the 1940s. Le¢n?s conservatives sought to limit the influence of the revolutionary government because state-sponsored modernization projects threatened local character and institutions. T...
This anthology presents a comprehensive review of mathematics and its teaching in the following nations in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, México, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. The last summary of mathematics education encompassing countries from the Southern Americas appeared in 1966. Progress in the field during five decades has remained unexamined until now.
This book explains why Venezuela is so rich in natural resources—it has been producing oil since 1922 and harbors the largest oil reserves in the world—and yet it is also a failed nation of class-divided citizens exhibiting deep poverty in a corrupt, incompetent state. Venezuela is a bipolar nation, where two marked poles in the society exist which have historical origins and are mutually exclusive. The book provides a critical analysis of Venezuela's history, economy and politics and explains the context and implications of the bipolar poles, known as the elite pole and the resentful pole. Both, it shows, have done serious harm to Venezuela’s prosperity. The author describes the vicious circle of oil wealth, corruption, inefficiency and world market dependency and gives recommendations for a better future.
Jake Hunt kills a homicidal drug dealer. Though it was in self-defence, the maddened leader of an international cartel has sworn revenge, and Jake and girlfriend Nicole must fight for their lives. With a fortune at stake and their lives in the balance, the action races from Peru to New Guinea, Australia and on to the UK. The young couple’s love is tested to breaking point, and Jake needs an edge to survive. In this battle there can only be winners and losers. —There will be no draw— “Few are as well-qualified to write an action-adventure novel as Jed Hart. He served in the Malayan conflict as a naval officer and in the Vietnam War as a pilot before founding Hart Aviation. Not only has he lived an extraordinary life, but Hart is also a gifted storyteller.” —Surf Coast Times
A Case Study of Small Power Politics in the Caribbean.