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Through the Water and the Storm
The maritime legal framework, of General Average (GA), remains an enigmatic and overlooked process within the history of seaborne trade. An ancient rule that predates Roman Law, it continues to be operational today, in a largely unchanged state, mandating the redistribution of unexpected costs that arise during a maritime expedition amongst shipowners and merchants. In this detailed examination of Average procedures within the Italian maritime republic of, Genoa, between the years 1590 and 1700, Through the Water and the Storm demonstrates how this rich data can be used to examine the dynamics of Mediterranean seaborne trade. Drawing on quantitative, socio-economic and legal methodologies, this book highlights how Average procedures reshape our understanding of connectivity and interdependence.
Maritime Risk Management
Insurance is a legal, an actuarial and a financial product, and it is one out of many risk management strategies. It follows that its history can only be studied in the broader context of the development of such strategies, applying an interdisciplinary approach. The theme of the present volume is maritime risk management. After an overview over the history of insurance, the contributions to the present volume examine different maritime risk management strategies by adopting a variety of methodological approaches. Some contributions focus on normative provisions, others contrast practice with legal scholarship, or focus on the emergence of insurance companies as opposed to individual insurers. Again, other contributions give insights in marine insurance practice in specific cities or analyse insurance practice through the lens of specific insurance litigation. As to the time frame, the different contributions span from antiquity to the nineteenth century.
Radio Propagation in the Urban Scenario
This practical book provides fundamentals of electromagnetic wave propagation and its unique application for the design of mobile wireless systems in complex urban environments. It supplies telecommunication engineers with the proper theoretical and practical tools to: plan radio coverage in cellular networks; design a radio link; predict connectivity in a wireless network and ensure that the system to be designed fulfills regulations on exposure of general public to electromagnetic fields. You’ll understand the latest propagation models and be equipped to address the challenges facing wireless propagation for the most recent 5G mobile systems, including how to cope with new propagation sc...
Monte Cassino in the Middle Ages
The monastery of Monte Cassino, founded by St. Benedict in the sixth century, was the cradle of Western monasticism. It became one of the vital centers of culture and learning in Europe. At the height of its influence, in the eleventh and early twelfth centuries, two of its abbots (including Desiderius) and one of its monks became popes, and it controlled a vast network of dependencies--churches, monasteries, villages, and farms--especially in central and southern Italy. Herbert Bloch's study, the product of forty years of research, takes as its starting point the twelfth-century bronze doors of the basilica of the abbey, the most significant relic of the medieval structure. The panels of th...
Global Commerce in the Age of Enlightenment
Combining contextual, institutional, and global perspectives, this book evaluates the impact of international trade on eighteenth-century economic thought. It meticulously delineates how economic ideas and institutions flowed between North and South Europe and across the Indian and Atlantic Oceans during the Age of Enlightenment. Global Commerce in the Age of Enlightenment carefully explores contemporary debates about economic institutions, which were a crucial element in the race for controlling international trade. Eighteenth-century thinkers devoted much attention to the relative merits of existing institutions, such as free ports, grasped the dangers of economic dependence, and appraised emerging conceptions of property rights. The author draws on an impressive range of sources, including pamphlets and travel accounts, and work from lesser-known figures such as Pierre Poivre and Ange Goudar. This volume will be valuable reading for advanced students and researchers of the history of economic thought, economic history, political economy, the history of ideas, and global history.
Passive Microwave Components and Antennas
Modelling and computations in electromagnetics is a quite fast-growing research area. The recent interest in this field is caused by the increased demand for designing complex microwave components, modeling electromagnetic materials, and rapid increase in computational power for calculation of complex electromagnetic problems. The first part of this book is devoted to the advances in the analysis techniques such as method of moments, finite-difference time- domain method, boundary perturbation theory, Fourier analysis, mode-matching method, and analysis based on circuit theory. These techniques are considered with regard to several challenging technological applications such as those related to electrically large devices, scattering in layered structures, photonic crystals, and artificial materials. The second part of the book deals with waveguides, transmission lines and transitions. This includes microstrip lines (MSL), slot waveguides, substrate integrated waveguides (SIW), vertical transmission lines in multilayer media as well as MSL to SIW and MSL to slot line transitions.
Modern Railway Engineering
Since the advent of steam engines and higher throughput railways during the early nineteenth century, the rate of development has been rather steady and incremental. The development of advanced electronic control and command systems, increasing levels of automation, and electrified high-speed railways over the past few decades have transformed the rail transportation posing it as a competitor to aviation. Modern railways are no longer the sole forte of civil and mechanical engineering and involve a broad multidisciplinary engineering disciplines from advanced computing, telecommunications, and networking to big data analytics and even AI. This volume addresses the diverse, evolving, and advanced engineering disciplines including enabling practices and processes involved in shaping modern railways.
Free Trade and Free Ports in the Mediterranean
How did free trade emerge in early-modern times? How did the Mediterranean as a specific region – with its own historical characteristics – produce a culture in which the free port appeared? What was the relation between the type of free trade created in early-modern Italy and the development of global trade and commercial competition between states for hegemony in the eighteenth century? And how did the position of the free port, originally a Mediterranean ‘invention’, develop over the course of time? The contributions to this volume address these questions and explain the institutional genealogy of the free port. Free Trade and Free Ports in the Mediterranean analyses the atypical ...
Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Our planet is nowadays continuously monitored by powerful remote sensors operating in wide portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Our capability of acquiring detailed information on the environment has been revolutionized by revealing its inner structure, morphology and dynamical changes. The way we now observe and study the evolution of the Earths status has even radically influenced our perception and conception of the world we live in. The aim of this book is to bring together contributions from experts to present new research results and prospects of the future developments in the area of geosciences and remote sensing, emerging research directions are discussed. The volume consists of twenty-six chapters, encompassing both theoretical aspects and application-oriented studies. An unfolding perspective on various current trends in this extremely rich area is offered. The book chapters can be categorized along different perspectives, among others, use of active or passive sensors, employed technologies and configurations, considered scenario on the Earth, scientific research area involved in the studies.
Scattering, Two-Volume Set
Scattering is the collision of two objects that results in a change of trajectory and energy. For example, in particle physics, such as electrons, photons, or neutrons are "scattered off" of a target specimen, resulting in a different energy and direction. In the field of electromagnetism, scattering is the random diffusion of electromagnetic radiation from air masses is an aid in the long-range sending of radio signals over geographic obstacles such as mountains. This type of scattering, applied to the field of acoustics, is the spreading of sound in many directions due to irregularities in the transmission medium. Volume I of Scattering will be devoted to basic theoretical ideas, approxima...
