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Ferroptosis in Stroke, Neurotrauma and Neurodegeneration, Volume II
This Research Topic is part of the Ferroptosis in Stroke, Neurotrauma and Neurodegeneration series: Ferroptosis in Stroke, Neurotrauma and Neurodegeneration Ferroptosis is a recently defined iron-dependent non-apoptotic form of cell death. Diverse stressors can destabilize metabolic processes in the cell, leading to excessive intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species that culminate in the collapse and rupture of the membrane structure of cellular organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosome. Ferroptosis is a form of cell death characterized by the accumulation of intracellular iron and lipid ROS. The primary morphologic manifestations of ferroptosis inclu...
Crosstalk between Peripheral and Local Immune Response in the Pathophysiology of Stroke and Neurodegeneration Diseases, Volume II
Accumulating evidence reveals both local and peripheral immune systems participated in the pathophysiology changes of acute and chronic neurological diseases. Immune cell activation facilitates inflammatory response in neurological diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The immune response initiated by brain local cells (microglia and astrocytes) and peripheral blood cells (monocytes/macrophages, neutrophil, T cells, B cells), are now commonly thought to contribute “double-edged sword” effects to the progression of neurological diseases, which not only promoting repair and recovery, but also accelerating brain injury. Meanwhile, local and peripheral immune responses have complex crosstalk in the development of post-stroke injury and neurodegeneration disease.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Key Components in Cancer Immunotherapy
The class of highly bioactive chemicals known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been extensively explored in relation to several malignancies and is thought to be a typical by-product of many cellular functions. Cancer cells have greater baseline ROS concentrations than healthy cells because of an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. At low to moderate levels, ROS functions as a signal transducer to drive cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. ROS also has a second role in cellular metabolism. On the other hand, excessive ROS may kill cells by harming organelles, membranes, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Numerous studies have shown that anticancer treatments that regulate ROS levels, such as immunotherapy, provide encouraging outcomes both in vitro and in vivo.
Molecular Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of CNS Tumors
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies in the Management of Cerebral Gliomas
Cerebral gliomas account for 45% of all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The median survival after the initial diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM) is only 15 months, and less than 10% of patients survive three years post-diagnosis. Surgical treatment followed by adjuvant therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy represents the classical strategy in glioma management. The revised WHO 2016 classification now distinguishes the oligodendrogliomas with 1p19q codeletion and IDH mutation from the astrocytomas with or without IDH mutations, thereby creating homogenous and pathologically distinct subgroups. While the status of gene expression and mutations define components of GBM subtypes, it was also found that response to therapies was different for each subtype, suggesting that personalized treatment based on genomic alterations could lead to a more favorable outcome for this disease.
